Subatmospheric combustion efficiency of the evaporative flameholder under various inflow conditions
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摘要:
为了探索组合冲压发动机燃烧室高空的燃烧性能，在进口压力为0.03～0.08 MPa、温度为500～800 K和马赫数为0.1～0.2条件下，试验研究了进口压力、温度和马赫数对值班式蒸发槽火焰稳定器燃烧性能的影响。研究发现：在低当量比条件下，温度增加有利于提高燃烧效率，且随着当量比的增大，该增益趋势逐渐减小；在进口温度为700 K时，随着当量比由0.38增大至0.48，燃烧效率增长比例从10.9%降低到2.0%。随着进口压力由0.04 MPa增大至0.08 MPa，当量比为0.4对应的燃烧效率由36.15%迅速增大至73.41%。同时，进口马赫数在0.1～0.2范围内，燃烧效率先增大后减小，且马赫数为0.15对应的燃烧效率最大。此外，随着当量比的增大，火焰稳定器下游火焰光学图片分布范围逐渐增大，火焰分布不均匀，其高亮区更靠近下侧壁面，对应地，出口温度整体呈现出“对勾”型分布。
Abstract:To explore the high-altitude combustion performance of the combined ramjet engine combustor, the effects of inlet pressure, temperature, and Mach number on the combustion performance of the duty-cycle evaporator flame stabilizer were experimentally studied under conditions of an inlet pressure of 0.03—0.08 MPa, a temperature of 500—800 K, and a Mach number of 0.1—0.2. The research revealed that rising temperatures contributed to improved combustion efficiency at low equivalence ratios, but the efficiency gain gradually decreased as the equivalence ratio increased. At an inlet temperature of 700 K, as the equivalence ratio increased from 0.38 to 0.48, the rate of increase in combustion efficiency dropped from 10.9% to 2.0%. As the inlet pressure increased from 0.04 MPa to 0.08 MPa, the combustion efficiency at an equivalence ratio of 0.4 increased rapidly from 36.15% to 73.41%. Additionally, within the range of 0.1—0.2 for the inlet Mach number, the combustion efficiency increased and then decreased, with the maximum efficiency occurring at a Mach number of 0.15. Moreover, as the equivalence ratio increased, the optical image distribution of the flame downstream the flame stabilizer gradually expanded, with an uneven flame distribution and a brighter region closer to the lower sidewall; accordingly, the outlet temperature displayed an overall “hook” pattern.
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图 8 不同进口压力条件下无量纲出口温度分布
Figure 8. Influence of inlet pressure on dimensionless outlet temperature distribution
图 9 不同进口马赫数条件下无量纲出口温度分布
Figure 9. Influence of inlet Mach number on dimensionless outlet temperature distribution
图 10 不同当量比条件下燃烧状态图片
Figure 10. Flame image under different equivalent ratio conditions
图 11 蒸发槽火焰稳定器燃烧原理示意图
Figure 11. Schematic of the combustion principle of evaporation flameholder
表 1 试验工况表
Table 1. Summary of experimental conditions
当量比 入口压力/MPa 入口温度/K 入口马赫数 0.2～0.6 0.06 500 0.2 600 700 800 0.04 700 0.2 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.06 700 0.1 0.15 0.17 0.2 
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表 2 试验误差表
Table 2. Uncertainties of experimental parameters
参数 测量方法 数值 不确定度/% 入口温度/K K型热电偶 300～800 0.40 入口压力/MPa 压力传感器 MIK-P300 0.014～0.8 1.03 出口温度/K B型热电偶 679.59～ 1923.45 0.25 空气质量流量/（kg/s） 孔板流量计 0.215～0.431 0.57 进口马赫数 $ M{a_{{\mathrm{in}}}}={\dot m_{\mathrm{a}}}/A{ （\lambda RT_{\mathrm{in}}） ^{1/2}} $ 0.08～2.00 0.57 燃油质量流量/（g/s） $ {\dot m_{\mathrm{f}}}=\alpha \Delta p_{\mathrm{f}}^\beta $ 0.49～26.36 0.40 当量比 $ \phi={\dot m_{\mathrm{f}}}/ （{\dot m_{\mathrm{a}}}{q_{{\mathrm{st}}}}） $ 0.034～0.91 0.70 燃烧效率 式 （1） 26.17～100.00 1.17 注：表中A为进口横截面积，λ为空气的比热比，R为空气的气体常数，α为燃油质量流量系数，Δpf为燃油的压降，β为燃油质量流量-压降指数，$ {\dot m_{\mathrm{a}}} $为空气质量流量，$ {\dot m_{\mathrm{f}}} $为燃油质量流量，qst为燃料低热值。
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