Study on influence of combustor length on lean premixed swirl flame combustion instability
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摘要:
为研究燃烧室长度对旋流燃烧不稳定性的影响，基于燃气轮机模型燃烧室，在不同当量比下进行实验。采用高频压力传感器和光电倍增管同步测量燃烧室内压力振荡和CH*表征的释热振荡，采用高速摄影和激光诱导荧光技术捕捉了火焰结构。结果表明：燃烧室长度对火焰时均形态影响较小，稳定的火焰呈“V”型，不稳定的火焰趋向于“M”型，且“M”型火焰面积更大。不稳定燃烧的共振主频和压力振幅受燃烧室长度的影响，长度较短的燃烧室共振主频率更高，压力振幅更小，压力振荡和释热振荡相互耦合。不稳定的火焰两侧发生回火，外剪切层旋流会对火焰产生“拉扯”作用，进而导致其表面出现褶皱现象，最终呈“孤岛”分布。火焰整体释热强度与其形态存在关联，周期性的热声振荡导致火焰形态在“V”型和“M”型之间切换。
Abstract:To study the influence of combustor length on swirl combustion instability, experiments were conducted in a model combustor based on a gas turbine design under different equivalence ratios. High-frequency pressure sensors and photomultiplier tubes were used to simultaneously measure the pressure oscillations within the combustor and heat release oscillations characterized by CH*. High-speed photography and laser-induced fluorescence were employed to capture the flame structures. Results showed that the combustor length had a minor effect on the time-averaged shape of the flames; stable flames tended to form a “V” shape, while unstable flames tended towards an “M” shape, with the “M” shaped flames covering a larger area. The combustor length affected the main resonant frequency and pressure amplitude of unstable combustion. Shorter combustors had higher main resonant frequencies and lower pressure amplitudes, while pressure oscillations were coupled with and heat release oscillations. Unstable flames experience flashback on both sides, with swirls in the outer shear layers exerting a “pulling” effect on the flame, leading to surface wrinkling and ultimately forming “island” distributions. The overall heat release intensity was associated with the flame shape, and periodic thermo-acoustic oscillations caused the flame shape to switch between “V” and “M” forms.
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图 2 燃烧室截面图（Comb-2）
Figure 2. Cross-sectional diagram of the combustion chamber （Comb-2）
图 3 Comb-1在不同当量比下的实验结果
Figure 3. Experimental results of Comb-1 at different equivalence ratios
图 5 压力脉动与释热脉动关系图
Figure 5. Relationship between pressure fluctuations and heat release fluctuations
图 10 工况 2和工况 4火焰周期结构演变图
Figure 10. Evolution of flame cyclic structure for case 2 and case 4
表 1 旋流预混火焰实验工况
Table 1. Experimental conditions for swirling premixed flame
试验工况 燃烧室构型 甲烷流量/（L/min） 空气流量/（L/min） 当量比$\varphi $ 工况 1 Comb-1 4.03 60 0.639 工况2 Comb-1 5 60 0.794 工况3 Comb-2 4.03 60 0.639 工况4 Comb-2 5 60 0.794 
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