Fracture fault analysis of tail rotor drive shaft on a helicopter
-
摘要:
为了确定某型直升机高频异常振动、尾桨操纵失效故障原因，开展了故障定位和分析工作。通过飞参和振动数据分析，故障定位为传动系统尾传动轴组件水平短轴断裂。以尾水平短轴断裂为顶事件构建故障树，开展故障树分析和底事件验证，确定故障原因为尾水平短轴自激振动发散。开展了尾水平短轴自激振动机理分析，构建了内、外花键齿对接触模型、轴系-花键集总参数模型，进行了尾水平短轴在花键径向摩擦力作用下的稳定性分析，明确了系统失稳条件以及避免系统失稳的措施。开展了尾水平短轴运转动态特性试验，证实了花键副位置润滑不良、法兰盘花键齿面和定位段磨损等条件下会引起自激振动现象。故障机理分析与试验结果表明：花键定位段摩擦是尾水平短轴产生自激振动的基本原因，尾水平短轴自激振动发散，最终导致断裂。该结论可为传动轴设计、维护及故障预防提供参考。
Abstract:To identify the cause of the high-frequency abnormal vibrations and tail rotor control failure in a certain type of helicopter, fault localization and analysis were conducted. Through analysis of the flight parameters and vibration data, the fault was located as the fracture of the horizontal short shaft in the tail drive shaft assembly of the transmission system. A fault tree was constructed with the fracture of the horizontal short shaft of the tail drive as the top event, and fault tree analysis and bottom event verification were carried out to determine that the fault attributed to the divergence of self-excited vibration in the horizontal short shaft of the tail drive. An analysis of the self-excited vibration mechanism of the tail horizontal short shaft was performed. Contact models for mating internal and external spline teeth pairs, as well as a lumped parameter model for the shafting-spline system, were established. A stability analysis of the horizontal short shaft of the tail drive under the radial friction force of the spline was conducted, clarifying the conditions for system instability and the measures against instability. The dynamic characteristics test of the tail horizontal short shaft was carried out, confirming that self-excited vibration occurred under conditions of inadequate lubrication at the spline pair position, wear on the spline tooth surfaces and locating section of the flange, etc. Analysis of the failure mechanism and test results indicated that the friction in the spline locating section was the fundamental cause of the self-excited oscillation in the horizontal short shaft of the tail drive. The divergence of this self-excited vibration ultimately led to the fracture of the shaft. This finding could provide theoretical guidance for optimizing drive shaft design, maintenance, and failure prevention.
-
Key words:
- helicopter /
- fracture /
- tail rotor drive shaft /
- fault analysis /
- self-excited vibration
-
图 3 尾水平短轴特征频率连续谱图
Figure 3. Continuous spectrogram of characteristic frequencies of the tail horizontal short shaft
图 4 尾水平短轴固有频率的变化
Figure 4. Change in the natural frequency of the tail horizontal short shaft
图 5 尾水平短轴固有频率的振动幅值变化
Figure 5. Vibration amplitude variation at the natural frequency of the tail horizontal short shaft
图 7 传动链异常激励振动故障树
Figure 7. Fault tree of abnormally excited vibration in the drive chain
图 8 平台激励振动大故障树
Figure 8. Fault tree of excessive vibration caused by platform excitation
-
[1] 赵敬超. 直升机尾桨失效分析及试飞技术研究[J]. 航空科学技术,2015,26(3): 70-73. ZHAO Jingchao. Helicopter tail rotor failure analysis and flight test technology research[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology,2015,26(3): 70-73. (in ChineseZHAO Jingchao. Helicopter tail rotor failure analysis and flight test technology research[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2015, 26(3): 70-73. (in Chinese) [2] 于琦,章海红. 直升机尾桨机械性失效及试飞研究[J]. 飞行力学,2008,26(3): 74-77. YU Qi,ZHANG Haihong. Analysis of the tail-rotor failure from mechanical malfunction and research in flight-test[J]. Flight Dynamics,2008,26(3): 74-77. (in ChineseYU Qi, ZHANG Haihong. Analysis of the tail-rotor failure from mechanical malfunction and research in flight-test[J]. Flight Dynamics, 2008, 26(3): 74-77. (in Chinese) [3] 陈岩. 直升机尾传动系统结合部参数识别与动态特性分析[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学,2022. CHEN Yan. Parameter identification and dynamic characteristics analysis of helicopter tail drive system joint[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2022. (in ChineseCHEN Yan. Parameter identification and dynamic characteristics analysis of helicopter tail drive system joint[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2022. (in Chinese) [4] 赵思波,万振华,王希. 直升机尾传动轴弹击损伤仿真与试验验证[J]. 长沙航空职业技术学院学报,2022,22(3): 6-9. ZHAO Sibo,WAN Zhenhua,WANG Xi. Simulation and experimental verification of helicopter tail drive shaft impact damage[J]. Journal of Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical College,2022,22(3): 6-9. (in ChineseZHAO Sibo, WAN Zhenhua, WANG Xi. Simulation and experimental verification of helicopter tail drive shaft impact damage[J]. Journal of Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical College, 2022, 22(3): 6-9. (in Chinese) [5] 李春光,舒平,马晓明,等. 直升机尾桨连杆组件失效分析[J]. 失效分析与预防,2013,8(6): 346-349. LI Chunguang,SHU Ping,MA Xiaoming,et al. Failure analysis on tailor rotor rod components of a helicopter[J]. Failure Analysis and Prevention,2013,8(6): 346-349. (in ChineseLI Chunguang, SHU Ping, MA Xiaoming, et al. Failure analysis on tailor rotor rod components of a helicopter[J]. Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2013, 8(6): 346-349. (in Chinese) [6] 邹亚晨,王平,倪徳,等. 直升机尾传动轴系的非线性刚度参数辨识方法[J]. 动力学与控制学报,2020,18(6): 77-83. ZOU Yachen,WANG Ping,NI De,et al. A method for identifying nonlinear stiffness of helicopter tail drive shaft system[J]. Journal of Dynamics and Control,2020,18(6): 77-83. (in ChineseZOU Yachen, WANG Ping, NI De, et al. A method for identifying nonlinear stiffness of helicopter tail drive shaft system[J]. Journal of Dynamics and Control, 2020, 18(6): 77-83. (in Chinese) [7] 邵航军. 直升机尾传动轴柔性联结盘及应用分析[J]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2020,51(2): 312-315. SHAO Hangjun. Application and analysis of flexible coupling disk of drive shaft on helicopter tail[J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition),2020,51(2): 312-315. (in ChineseSHAO Hangjun. Application and analysis of flexible coupling disk of drive shaft on helicopter tail[J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 51(2): 312-315. (in Chinese) [8] 汪言. 直升机细长轴传动系统动力学特性分析[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学,2022. WANG Yan. Dynamic characteristics analysis of helicopter slender shaft transmission system[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2022. (in ChineseWANG Yan. Dynamic characteristics analysis of helicopter slender shaft transmission system[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2022. (in Chinese) [9] 蒋玲莉,印道轩,李学军,等. 直升机尾传轴系相对位置变化下啮合力分析[J]. 振动、测试与诊断,2018,38(5): 1030-1036,1085-1086. JIANG Lingli,YIN Daoxuan,LI Xuejun,et al. Analysis of meshing force of helicopter tail drive system during relative position changes of shafting[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2018,38(5): 1030-1036,1085-1086. (in ChineseJIANG Lingli, YIN Daoxuan, LI Xuejun, et al. Analysis of meshing force of helicopter tail drive system during relative position changes of shafting[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis, 2018, 38(5): 1030-1036, 1085-1086. (in Chinese) [10] 程巾英, 佟勇, 张冰. 直升机细长尾传动轴振动过大影响因素及改善措施分析[J]. 中国机械, 2024(7): 14-17. CHENG Jinying,TONG Yong,ZHANG Bing. Analysis of influencing factors and improvement measures of excessive vibration of helicopter slender tail transmission shaft[J]. Machine China,2024(7): 14-17. (in ChineseCHENG Jinying, TONG Yong, ZHANG Bing. Analysis of influencing factors and improvement measures of excessive vibration of helicopter slender tail transmission shaft[J]. Machine China, 2024(7): 14-17. (in Chinese) [11] 黄锋. 基于ANSYS Workbench的直升机尾传动轴临界转速研究[J]. 中国新技术新产品,2022(3): 1-3,11. HUANG Feng. Research on critical speed of helicopter tail drive shaft based on ANSYS Workbench[J]. New Technology & New Products of China,2022(3): 1-3,11. (in ChineseHUANG Feng. Research on critical speed of helicopter tail drive shaft based on ANSYS Workbench[J]. New Technology & New Products of China, 2022(3): 1-3, 11. (in Chinese) [12] IVEN L,ZAIDI Y. Validation of the safety requirements of the landing gear using fault tree analysis[J]. CEAS Aeronautical Journal,2022,13(2): 503-520. doi: 10.1007/s13272-022-00572-8 [13] 梅庆. 直升机传动轴系的动力学设计[J]. 机械传动,2005,29(5): 19-22,87-88. MEI Qing. Dynamics design of helicopter drive shafts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2005,29(5): 19-22,87-88. (in ChineseMEI Qing. Dynamics design of helicopter drive shafts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2005, 29(5): 19-22, 87-88. (in Chinese) [14] 金晟,宋立瑶,曹鹏,等. 直升机超临界尾传动轴干摩擦阻尼器碰摩响应边界特性分析[J]. 振动工程学报,2024,37(5): 756-769. JIN Sheng,SONG Liyao,CAO Peng,et al. Boundary characterization of rubimpact response of a helicopter supercritical transmission shaft with a dry friction damper[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering,2024,37(5): 756-769. (in ChineseJIN Sheng, SONG Liyao, CAO Peng, et al. Boundary characterization of rubimpact response of a helicopter supercritical transmission shaft with a dry friction damper[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024, 37(5): 756-769. (in Chinese) [15] 晏福祥,卓伟伟,陈林. 尾传动轴螺栓断裂故障分析[J]. 航空维修与工程,2024(2): 52-56. YAN Fuxiang,ZHUO Weiwei,CHEN Lin. Fault analysis on bolt fracture for tail drive shaft[J]. Aviation Maintenance & Engineering,2024(2): 52-56. (in ChineseYAN Fuxiang, ZHUO Weiwei, CHEN Lin. Fault analysis on bolt fracture for tail drive shaft[J]. Aviation Maintenance & Engineering, 2024(2): 52-56. (in Chinese) [16] 周海京,遇今. 故障模式、影响及危害性分析与故障树分析[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社,2003. ZHOU Haijing,YU Jin. FMEA and FTA[M]. Beijing: Avination Industry Press,2003. (in ChineseZHOU Haijing, YU Jin. FMEA and FTA[M]. Beijing: Avination Industry Press, 2003. (in Chinese) [17] PHIBBS E,KUWAMOTO S H. Fault-tree analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Reliability,1974,23(4): 266-266. [18] 马润梅,赵祥,陈潇竹,等. 高速干摩擦机械密封的端面变形及摩擦磨损[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2022,48(7): 1174-1182. MA Runmei,ZHAO Xiang,CHEN Xiaozhu,et al. End face deformation and friction and wear of high-speed dry friction mechanical seal[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2022,48(7): 1174-1182. (in ChineseMA Runmei, ZHAO Xiang, CHEN Xiaozhu, et al. End face deformation and friction and wear of high-speed dry friction mechanical seal[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 48(7): 1174-1182. (in Chinese) [19] 高腾,荆建平,梅庆,等. 花键连接转子系统稳定性研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制,2016,36(2): 40-45. GAO Teng,JING Jianping,MEI Qing,et al. Stability analysis of spline connected rotor system[J]. Noise and Vibration Control,2016,36(2): 40-45. (in ChineseGAO Teng, JING Jianping, MEI Qing, et al. Stability analysis of spline connected rotor system[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2016, 36(2): 40-45. (in Chinese) [20] 胡国才. 直升机旋翼非线性等效阻尼的识别[J]. 航空学报,2005,26(3): 303-307. HU Guocai. Nonlinear equivalent damping identification for helicopter rotor[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2005,26(3): 303-307. (in Chinese doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2005.03.010HU Guocai. Nonlinear equivalent damping identification for helicopter rotor[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2005, 26(3): 303-307. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2005.03.010 [21] YUE L,FEI Q G,ZHANG L M. Improvement ac curacy of system identification based on morlet wavelet[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2005,22(3): 202-211. [22] KUANG Y. Delay differential equations-with applications in population dynamics[M]. Boston: Academic Press, 1993. [23] HU Haiyan,WANG Zaihua. Dynamics of controlled mechanical systems with delayed feedback[M]. Berlin: Springer,2002. [24] NICULESCU S I. Delay effects on stability: a robust control approach[M]. London: Springer-Verlag,2001. [25] 康丽霞,曹义华,梅庆. 直升机传动系统花键连接轴的动力失稳[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2010,36(6): 645-649. KANG Lixia,CAO Yihua,MEI Qing. Dynamic instability of helicopter transmission rotating shafts with spline coupling[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010,36(6): 645-649. (in ChineseKANG Lixia, CAO Yihua, MEI Qing. Dynamic instability of helicopter transmission rotating shafts with spline coupling[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010, 36(6): 645-649. (in Chinese) -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 741
- HTML浏览量: 358
- PDF量: 67
- 被引次数: 0