基于遗传算法的W形封严环结构优化

温帅方; 宋青浩; 孙丹; 杨泽敏; 李玉; 赵欢; 任国哲

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240811

基于遗传算法的W形封严环结构优化

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240811

温帅方^{1, 2,},
宋青浩^{1, 2},
孙丹^{1, 2,*, ,},
杨泽敏^{1, 2},
李玉^{1, 2},
赵欢^{1, 2},
任国哲^{1, 2}

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
沈阳航空航天大学沈阳市透平机械先进密封技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52375195）；辽宁省教育厅面上项目（通航专项）（LJKMZ20220565）；辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金（LJ222410143090，LJ212410143014）

详细信息

作者简介:
温帅方（1992-），男，博士生，主要从事接触式封严密封性能研究。E-mail：15164065158@163.com

通讯作者:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机先进密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_sundan@163.com

中图分类号: V231.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-18

Optimization of W-shaped sealing ring structure based on genetic algorithm

WEN Shuaifang^{1, 2
,},
SONG Qinghao^{1, 2},
SUN Dan^{1, 2,*
, ,},
YANG Zemin^{1, 2},
LI Yu^{1, 2},
ZHAO Huan^{1, 2},
REN Guozhe^{1, 2}

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China

摘要

摘要:
针对航空发动机W形封严环密封性能提升问题，建立了W形封严环力学模型，在力学特性计算的基础上，将遗传算法与有限元模型结合，以最大接触应力为优化目标，构建了以多结构参数为评估优化变量的W形弹性金属封严环优化模型。结果表明：在不同工况下优化后的接触应力均提升了30%以上。在低压比下接触半径和波高的敏感性更高，对其进行优化的效果更好，而高压比下对过渡半径进行优化的效果更好；低压缩量下波峰半径和过渡半径敏感性更高，而高压缩量下波高的敏感性更高，对其进行优化的效果更好。此外，在多数工况下，厚度敏感性较低，显示较高稳定性。该研究为W形封严环的优化设计提供了理论依据。
- W形金属封严环 /
- 力学特性 /
- 接触应力 /
- 结构优化 /
- 遗传算法
Abstract:
A mechanical model of W-shaped sealing ring was established to improve the sealing performance of aircraft engines. Based on the calculation of mechanical properties, a combination of genetic algorithm and finite element model was used to construct an optimization model of W-shaped elastic metal sealing ring with multiple structural parameters taken as design variables, and maximum contact stress taken as the optimization objective. The results showed that the optimized contact stress increased by more than 30% under different operating conditions. The sensitivity of contact radius and wave height was higher under low pressure ratio, and the optimization effect was better. The optimization effect of transition radius was better under high pressure ratio; the sensitivity of peak radius and transition radius was higher under low pressure reduction, and the sensitivity of wave height was higher under high pressure reduction. The optimization effect was better. In most operating conditions, the thickness changed less, showing higher stability. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of W-shaped sealing rings.
- W-shaped metal sealing ring /
- mechanical properties /
- contact stress /
- structural optimization /
- genetic algorithm

HTML

图 1 W环截面结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of W-ring cross-sectional structure

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图 2 W环网格划分

Figure 2. W-ring grid division

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图 3 网格无关性验证

Figure 3. Grid independence verification

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图 4 模型的准确性验证

Figure 4. Accuracy verification of the model

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图 5 W形封严环优化设计流程图

Figure 5. Optimization design flow chart of W-shaped sealing ring

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图 6 不同工况下适应度随迭代次数的变化

Figure 6. Variation of fitness with iteration times under different operating conditions

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图 7 优化前后不同工况下等效应力与接触应力的对比

Figure 7. Comparison of equivalent stress and contact stress under different operating conditions before and after optimization

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表 1 W环结构参数与初始值

Table 1. W-ring structural parameters and initial values mm

结构参数	初始值
波峰半径R₁	0.6
波谷半径R₂	0.6
波高H	1
过渡圆半径R₃	1.5
接触圆半径R₄	1.75
壁厚T	0.25

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表 2 GH4169材料参数

Table 2. GH4169 material parameters

材料属性	数值
热膨胀系数/10⁻⁵ ℃⁻¹	1.32
弹性模量/10¹¹ Pa	2.05
泊松比	0.35
体积模量/10¹¹ Pa	2.2778
切变模量/10¹⁰ Pa	7.5926
屈服强度/10⁹ Pa	1.03
正切模量/10⁹ Pa	5.2

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表 3 边界条件

Table 3. Boundary condition

工况参数	数值
压缩量/mm	0.5，0.7，0.9
压比	1.5，2.5，3.5

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表 4 最终优化结果汇总

Table 4. Summary of final optimization results

编号	压缩量/mm	压比	R₁/mm	R₂/mm	R₃/mm	R₄/mm	H/mm	B/mm
1	0.5	1.5	0.59	0.58	1.16	1.17	0.62	0.29
2	0.6	1.5	0.54	0.55	1.05	1.45	0.72	0.29
3	0.7	1.5	0.57	0.56	1.31	1.19	1.28	0.26
4	0.5	2.5	0.53	0.54	1.03	1.27	0.62	0.29
5	0.6	2.5	0.53	0.51	1.08	1.22	0.7	0.28
6	0.7	2.5	0.58	0.59	1.09	1.18	1.48	0.28
7	0.5	3.5	0.51	0.54	1.43	1.41	0.88	0.29
8	0.6	3.5	0.5	0.51	1.18	1.51	0.93	0.31
9	0.7	3.5	0.6	0.59	1.34	1.12	0.81	0.3

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