涡轮变几何技术的研究及应用进展

伊卫林; 郑霆锴

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240831

涡轮变几何技术的研究及应用进展

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240831

伊卫林^{1, 2,},
郑霆锴¹

1.
北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学多栖平台驱动系统全国重点实验室，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52176035）；多栖平台驱动系统全国重点实验室开放基金（QDXT-WY-202407-01）

详细信息

作者简介:
伊卫林（1978-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事燃气轮机/航空发动机总体、叶轮机械气动热力学方面的研究。E-mail：yiweilin@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V212.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-10

Research and application progress of variable geometry turbine technology

YI Weilin^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Tingkai¹

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Multi-perch Vehicle Driving Systems，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China

摘要

摘要:
系统梳理了燃气轮机涡轮变几何技术提出与发展全过程，论述了车用、船用、发电及航空动力各领域的应用现状。基于理论分析、实验研究及数值模拟研究成果，总结了涡轮变几何在拓宽工作范围、优化循环参数、改善部分负荷性能等方面的作用，明晰了攻角、端部间隙、级间匹配等导致流动损失机理的研究现状，对新概念、新技术及其潜在应用进行了展望。结果表明：涡轮几何可变是高性能燃气轮机的重要设计技术，变循环发动机等是其可应用的新领域，变几何调节方式、间隙泄漏流控制方法、适应宽攻角的叶型优化、整机性能通流匹配策略等仍将是下一步研究的主攻方向，而几何变化动态过程对涡轮气动、整机性能影响研究应是重要关注点。
- 燃气轮机 /
- 涡轮性能 /
- 涡轮变几何技术 /
- 变循环发动机 /
- 变工况
Abstract:
The proposal and development of the variable geometry turbine utilized in gas turbines were systematically reviewed, and its applications in automotive, marine, power generation, and aviation propulsion were examined. Based on theoretical analysis, experimental investigations, and numerical simulations, the roles of turbine variable geometry in broadening the operating range, optimizing cycle parameters, and enhancing part-load performance were summarized. The current understanding of flow loss mechanisms associated with incidence angle, tip clearance, and stage matching was also clarified, and prospects for new concepts, new technologies, and potential applications were outlined. The findings indicated that the variable geometry turbine is a key design technology for high-performance gas turbines, while variable cycle engines represent a promising new application area. Future research is expected to focus on adjustment methods for variable geometry, leakage-flow control in clearances, blade profile optimization for wide-incidence adaptation, and matching strategy for flow-path components in the whole engine. In addition, the aerodynamic and overall performance impacts of the dynamic process of geometric variation should be regarded as an important subject of investigation.
- gas turbine /
- turbine performance /
- variable geometry turbine technology /
- variable cycle engine /
- off-design condition

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图 1 J40-WE-6涡喷发动机^[10]

Figure 1. J40-WE-6 turbojet engine^[10]

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图 2 可变面积涡轮喷嘴驱动机构的示意图^[10]

Figure 2. Schematic of variable-area turbine-nozzle actuating mechanism^[10]

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图 3 动力涡轮进口可调导叶对发动机性能的影响^[23]

Figure 3. Impact of adjustable power turbine inlet guide vane on engine performance^[23]

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图 4 回热双轴燃气轮机固定几何和变几何性能对比^[36]

Figure 4. Performance comparison of regenerative twin-shaft gas turbines with fixed and variable geometries^[36]

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图 5 导叶不同转角^[42]

Figure 5. Variable guide vane positions^[42]

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图 6 不同导叶开度下叶顶流场结构以及压力分布（出口马赫数为0.3）^[42]

Figure 6. Flow structure and pressure distribution of the tip clearance with different turning angles （0.3 exit Mach number）^[42]

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图 7 带有枢轴的新型球形凸台^[44]

Figure 7. A novel spherical convex plat with rotating pivot shaft^[44]

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图 8 发动机运行性能对比^[52]

Figure 8. Engine performance comparison^[52]

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图 9 选择性放气可变循环发动机^[54]

Figure 9. Selective bleed variable cycle engine^[54]

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图 10 不同转角下的效率变化^[58]

Figure 10. Efficiency variation at different nozzle rotating angles^[58]

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图 11 传统方案可调导叶装置及新型导叶调整装置对比示意图^[61]

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the conventional scheme adjustable guide vane device and the novel scheme adjustable guide vane device^[61]

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图 12 低压涡轮导叶打开和关闭对发动机性能的影响^[69]

Figure 12. Effect of low pressure turbine guide vane opening and closing on engine performance^[69]

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图 13 Guan等在实验中拍摄的照片^[72]

Figure 13. Snapshot acquired during the experiment by Guan et al^[72]

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图 14 Guan等在实验中对绝对速度的测量 ^[72]

Figure 14. Absolute velocity contour of experiments by Guan et al^[72]

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图 15 动叶进口相对气流角β₁随导叶转角调小及调大变化规律^[73]

Figure 15. Variation pattern of the relative airflow angle β₁ at the inlet of the rotor blade with the turning angle of guide vane^[73]

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