Numerical simulation of subsonic impinging jet flow field characteristics and tone mechanism
-
摘要:
冲击射流噪声是战斗机和舰载机起降过程中关注的焦点问题，但亚声速冲击射流中冲击纯音的产生机制尚不明朗。针对压比为1.69、冲击距离为3倍喷口直径的冲击射流为研究对象，采用大涡模拟方法捕捉近场流动，结合声比拟模型预估远场噪声，并利用拓展亥姆霍兹分解和主相关分解方法分析近场流动与远场噪声间模态特征关联。结果表明：受到冲击板影响，流场中出现超声速区域，并形成了激波格栅；冲击射流声学模态呈现轴对称形式；远场噪声的冲击纯音与近场的激波高度相关，其相关模态结构表现为从冲击区域逐步向外扩散的波，传递过程连接平板上的涡结构与自由射流段的激波结构；近场压力场相对于速度场对噪声的影响占主导作用；冲击区域内正负交替的模态幅值是冲击纯音产生的重要原因。该研究阐明了亚声速冲击射流噪声的产生与传播机理，为冲击射流噪声的控制与优化设计提供了理论依据。
Abstract:The noise generated by impinging jets is a critical issue during the takeoff and landing of fighter jets and carrier-based aircraft. However, the mechanism behind the generation of tone in subsonic impinging jets remains poorly understood. An impinging jet with a nozzle pressure ratio of 1.69 and an impingement distance of three nozzle diameters was studied. Large eddy simulation was employed to capture the near-field flow, and an acoustic analogy model was used to predict the far-field noise. The extended Helmholtz decomposition and principal correlation decomposition methods were applied to analyze the modal characteristics and the correlation between the near-field flow and far-field noise. The results revealed that, due to the influence of the impingement plate, a supersonic region appeared in the flow field, forming shock cells. The noise mode of the impinging jet exhibited an axisymmetric structure. The tone in the far field was closely related to the shock waves in the near field. The associated modal structure manifested as waves that gradually propagated outward from the impingement region, and the transmission process connected the vortex structures on the flat plate with the shock structures in the free jet region. The pressure field in the near field dominated noise generation compared with the velocity field. The alternating positive and negative amplitudes of the modal amplitudes in the impingement region constituted a key factor in the generation of tone. This study could elucidate the mechanisms of impinging jet noise and provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization and control of impinging jet noise.
-
图 5 3套网格切面全场$ {I}_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{S}} $
Figure 5. Three sets of grid sections full field $ {I}_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{S}} $
图 9 远场90°方向3种积分面与试验噪声对比
Figure 9. Comparison of three integration surfaces at 90° direction in the far-field with experimental noise
图 10 远场不同方向与试验噪声频谱对比
Figure 10. Comparison of far-field noise in different directions with experimental noise
图 15 Z截面瞬时速度脉动分布
Figure 15. Instantaneous velocity pulsation distribution in Z-section
图 16 同一时刻流场的密度梯度
Figure 16. Density gradient of the instantaneous field at the same moment
图 17 射流中心线激波过滤幅值
Figure 17. Filtered amplitude of shock waves along the jet centerline
图 18 速度渲染的Q准则云图（Q=5×107）
Figure 18. Q criteria for speed rendering cloud images （Q=5×107）
图 22 时间延迟分析近场非稳态压力与远场声压
Figure 22. Time delay analysis of near-field unsteady pressure and far-field sound pressure
图 23 $Q$值对特征值模分布的影响
Figure 23. Influence of $Q$ value on the distribution of eigenvalues
图 24 PCD不同延迟时间前2阶模态重现声压频谱
Figure 24. Reconstructed sound pressure spectrum of the first two modes with different delay times in PCD
图 27 速度场前3阶模态相关远场声压频谱
Figure 27. Velocity field first three modes dependent far-field sound pressure spectrum
图 28 120°方向轴向速度模态幅值变化
Figure 28. Amplitude change of the axial velocity eigenvector in the direction of 120°
图 31 压力场前4阶模态所对应的远场声压频谱
Figure 31. Far-field sound pressure spectrum corresponding to the first four modes of the pressure field
图 32 120°方向压力模态幅值变化
Figure 32. Amplitude change of the pressure eigenvector in the direction of 120°
表 1 网格参数
Table 1. Mesh parameter
网格 nx nr nθ 网格总数 x0/mm δx r0/mm δr 粗 300 192 100 5.5×106 0.125 1.05 0.0157 1.05 中 377 242 128 1.1×107 0.1 1.04 0.0125 1.04 细 475 305 160 2.2×107 0.075 1.03 0.01 1.03 超细 600 384 200 4.4×107 0.05 1.02 0.0075 1.02 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] KARTHIKEYAN N, VENKATAKRISHNAN L. Acoustic characterization of jet interaction with launch structures during lift-off[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2017, 54(2): 356-367. doi: 10.2514/1.A33616 [2] MYERS L M, RUDENKO N, MCLAUGHLIN D K. Investigation on the flow-field of two parallel round jets impinging normal to a flat surface: AIAA2016-1776 [R]. San Diego, US: AIAA, 2016. [3] WATSON N A, OWEN I, WHITE M D. Piloted flight simulation of helicopter recovery to the queen Elizabeth class aircraft carrier[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2020, 57(4): 742-760. [4] CLARKSON B. Review of sonic fatigue technology: NASA-CR-4587 [R]. Washington, US: NASA, 1994. [5] RAY P, LELE S. Sound generated by instability wave/shock-cell interaction in supersonic jets: AIAA2006-620 [R]. Reno, US: AIAA, 2006. [6] RAMAN G. Supersonic jet screech: half-century from Powell to the present[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1999, 225(3): 543-571. [7] KARAMI S, STEGEMAN P C, OOI A, et al. Receptivity characteristics of under-expanded supersonic impinging jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 889: A27. [8] GOLDSTEIN M E. The low frequency sound from multipole sources in axisymmetric shear flows, with applications to jet noise[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1975, 70(3): 595-604. [9] RISBORG A, SORIA J. High-speed optical measurements of an underexpanded supersonic jet impinging on an inclined plate[C]// Proceedings of SPIE (Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) International Society for Optical Engineering. Bellingham, US: SPIE, 2009: 71261F. [10] POWELL A. The sound-producing oscillations of round underexpanded jets impinging on normal plates[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1988, 83(2): 515-533. doi: 10.1121/1.396146 [11] BUCHMANN N A, MITCHELL D M, INGVORSEN K M, et al. High spatial resolution imaging of a supersonic underexpanded jet impinging on a flat plate[C]//Proceedings of the 6th Australian Conference on Laser Diagnostics in Fluid Mechanics and Combustion. Canberra, Australia: University of New South Wales Canberra, 2011: 43-46. [12] MITCHELL D M, HONNERY D R, SORIA J. The visualization of the acoustic feedback loop in impinging underexpanded supersonic jet flows using ultra-high frame rate schlieren[J]. Journal of Visualization, 2012, 15(4): 333-341. [13] LI Xiangru, HE Feng, ZHANG Xiwen, et al. Experimental study on acoustic resonance of subsonic and slightly underexpanded impinging jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2024, 983: A32. [14] ERWIN J P, SINHA N, RODEBAUGH G P. Large eddy simulations of supersonic impinging jets[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2012, 134(12): 121201. doi: 10.1115/1.4007338 [15] HENDERSON B. The connection between sound production and jet structure of the supersonic impinging jet[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002, 111(2): 735-747. [16] HENDERSON B, BRIDGES J, WERNET M. An experimental study of the oscillatory flow structure of tone-producing supersonic impinging jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2005, 542: 115-137. doi: 10.1017/S0022112005006385 [17] 齐龙舟, 冯和英, 赵鲲, 等. 不同压比状态下超声速射流冲击斜板的声场/流场特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2021, 36(12): 2642-2651. QI Longzhou, FENG Heying, ZHAO Kun, et al. Sound field/flow field characteristics of supersonic jet impinging on inclined plate under different pressure ratios[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(12): 2642-2651. (in ChineseQI Longzhou, FENG Heying, ZHAO Kun, et al. Sound field/flow field characteristics of supersonic jet impinging on inclined plate under different pressure ratios[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(12): 2642-2651. (in Chinese) [18] NOSSEIR N S, HO C M. Dynamics of an impinging jet: Part 2 the noise generation[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1982, 116: 379-391. [19] 覃晨, 张俊龙, 杨玫, 等. 冲击射流噪声归一化特性: 总声压级和频谱[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(1): 20230125. QIN Chen, ZHANG Junlong, YANG Mei, et al. Acoustic normalization characteristics of jet impingement: overall sound pressure level and spectra[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(1): 20230125. (in ChineseQIN Chen, ZHANG Junlong, YANG Mei, et al. Acoustic normalization characteristics of jet impingement: overall sound pressure level and spectra[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(1): 20230125. (in Chinese) [20] LI Xiangru, WU Xuecheng, LIU Luhan, et al. Acoustic resonance mechanism for axisymmetric screech modes of underexpanded jets impinging on an inclined plate[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2023, 956: A2. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2022.996 [21] SEMERARO O, BELLANI G, LUNDELL F. Analysis of time-resolved PIV measurements of a confined turbulent jet using POD and Koopman modes[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2012, 53(5): 1203-1220. [22] WAN Zhenhua, ZHOU Lin, WANG Bofu, et al. Dynamic mode decomposition of forced spatially developed transitional jets[J]. European Journal of Mechanics: B/Fluids, 2015, 51: 16-26. [23] ALENIUS E. Mode switching in a thick orifice jet, an LES and dynamic mode decomposition approach[J]. Computers & Fluids, 2014, 90: 101-112. [24] NAIR V, ALENIUS E, BOIJ S, et al. Inspecting sound sources in an orifice-jet flow using Lagrangian coherent structures[J]. Computers & Fluids, 2016, 140: 397-405. [25] SHENG Juan, LI Xiangru, WANG Yitao, et al. Evolution of effective source and screech mode in compressible starting jet[J]. AIAA Journal, 2022, 60(7): 4068-4080. [26] UNNIKRISHNAN S, GAITONDE D V. Transfer mechanisms from stochastic turbulence to organized acoustic radiation in a supersonic jet[J]. European Journal of Mechanics: B/Fluids, 2018, 72: 38-56. [27] LYU Benshuai. Principal correlation decomposition of experimental and numerical data for observable diagnosis[EB/OL]. (2023-12-22)[2024-08-21]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.14858v1. [28] HAN Shuaibin, LI Hu, WANG Yimin, et al. A hydro-acoustic mode decomposition method for velocity and pressure field and application to a subsonic turbulent jet[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2023, 35(7): 076107. [29] LENORMAND E, SAGAUT P, TA PHUOC L, et al. Subgrid-scale models for large-eddy simulations of compressible wall bounded flows[J]. AIAA Journal, 2000, 38: 1340-1350. doi: 10.2514/2.1133 [30] FFOWCS-WILLIAMS J E, HAWKINGS D L. Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series A Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1969, 264(1151): 321-342. [31] UZUN A, LYRINTZIS A S, BLAISDELL G A. Coupling of integral acoustics methods with LES for jet noise prediction[J]. International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 2004, 3(4): 297-346. doi: 10.1260/1475472043499290 [32] MENDEZ S, SHOEYBI M, LELE S K, et al. On the use of the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation to predict far-field jet noise from large-eddy simulations[J]. International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 2013, 12(1/2): 1-20. [33] FAN Hongling, WEI Chunhua, ZHAO Jiaxi, et al. High-frequency pressure fluctuations in vertical jet impingements: fast pressure-sensitive paint analysis[J]. Journal of Visualization, 2024, 27(6): 1059-1075. doi: 10.1007/s12650-024-01021-w [34] WEI Chunhua, ZHANG Haoyuan, FAN Hongling, et al. Resolving high-frequency aeroacoustic noises of high-speed dual-impinging jets using fast pressure-sensitive paint[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2024, 65(9): 131. doi: 10.1007/s00348-024-03875-0 [35] POPE S B. Ten questions concerning the large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2004, 6(1): 35. [36] CELIK I B, CEHRELI Z N, YAVUZ I. Index of resolution quality for large eddy simulations[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2005, 127(5): 949-958. doi: 10.1115/1.1990201 [37] BATCHELOR G K. The theory of homogeneous turbulence[M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1953. [38] DAUPTAIN A, CUENOT B, GICQUEL L Y M. Large eddy simulation of stable supersonic jet impinging on flat plate[J]. AIAA Journal, 2010, 48(10): 2325-2338. doi: 10.2514/1.J050362 [39] UZUN A, KUMAR R, HUSSAINI M Y, et al. Simulation of tonal noise generation by supersonic impinging jets[J]. AIAA Journal, 2013, 51(7): 1593-1611. doi: 10.2514/1.J051839 [40] BOGEY C, DE CACQUERAY N, BAILLY C. A shock-capturing methodology based on adaptative spatial filtering for high-order non-linear computations[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2009, 228(5): 1447-1465. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.10.042 [41] DUCROS F, FERRAND V, NICOUD F, et al. Large-eddy simulation of the shock/turbulence interaction[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 1999, 152(2): 517-549. doi: 10.1006/jcph.1999.6238 [42] PACK D C. A note on prandtl’s formula for the wave-length of a supersonic gas jet[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 1950, 3(2): 173-181. doi: 10.1093/qjmam/3.2.173 [43] JORDAN P, COLONIUS T. Wave packets and turbulent jet noise[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2013, 45: 173-195. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140756 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 511
- HTML浏览量: 521
- PDF量: 45
- 被引次数: 0