保持架间隙对角接触球轴承气帘效应的影响

李朋华; 邱明; 公平; 庞晓旭; 朱定康; 刘佳奇

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250001

保持架间隙对角接触球轴承气帘效应的影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250001

李朋华^{1, 2,},
邱明^1,*, ,,
公平^{2, 3},
庞晓旭¹,
朱定康¹,
刘佳奇²

1.
河南科技大学机电工程学院，河南洛阳 471003
2.
中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司，哈尔滨 150025
3.
西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 720072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52275186）；太行国家实验室技术研发项目（CXPT-2023-040）；中原学者资助项目（244000510001）

详细信息

作者简介:
李朋华（2000-），男，硕士生，主要从事轴承润滑仿真方面研究。E-mail：Clutch_H@163.com

通讯作者:
邱明（1969-），女，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事轴承设计及理论研究。E-mail：qiuming@haust.edu.cn

中图分类号: V23；TH133.33⁺4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-02-22

Influence of cage clearance on air curtain effect of angular contact ball bearing

LI Penghua^{1, 2
,},
QIU Ming^{1,*
, ,},
GONG Ping^{2, 3},
PANG Xiaoxu¹,
ZHU Dingkang¹,
LIU Jiaqi²

1.
School of Mechatronics Engineering，Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang Henan 471003，China
2.
Harbin Bearing Company Limited，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Harbin 150025，China
3.
School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 720072，China

摘要

摘要:
为了提高轴承喷射润滑方式下的润滑效率以及适用范围，研究高速角接触球轴承腔内气帘效应成因及影响因素，基于计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）的方法，构建轴承腔内单相流流场特性有限元分析模型，对不同引导/兜孔间隙以及转速下的轴承流场特性进行分析。以第二代涡识别技术中的Q准则为基础，提出了针对气帘效应的评价方法与评判标准；分析轴承腔内气帘形成机理，对比不同转速、引导间隙和兜孔间隙对气帘效应的影响；通过正交实验的方法分析影响气帘效应的主要因素。结果表明：轴承腔内气帘效应随着轴承转速的增加而加剧，增大引导间隙和兜孔间隙均能减弱气帘效应；转速对气帘效应的影响要远大于保持架间隙的变化；兜孔间隙相较于引导间隙对轴承气帘效应的影响程度要更加显著。
- 角接触球轴承 /
- 气帘效应 /
- 引导间隙 /
- 兜孔间隙 /
- 涡识别
Abstract:
To improve the lubrication efficiency and application range of bearing jet lubrication, the causes and influencing factors of the air curtain effect within high-speed angular contact ball bearings were investigated. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a finite element analysis model was constructed for the single-phase flow field characteristics within the bearing chamber. The flow field characteristics of the bearing under different guide/pocket clearances and rotational speeds were analyzed. Based on the Q criterion in the second generation vortex recognition technology, the evaluation method and evaluation standard for the air curtain effect were put forward; and the formation mechanism of air curtain within the bearing chamber was analyzed. The effects of different rotational speeds, guide clearances, and pocket clearances on the air curtain effect were compared. The main influencing factors of the air curtain effect were analyzed using an orthogonal experimental method. The results showed that the air curtain effect within the bearing chamber intensified as the bearing speed increased. Increasing the guide and pocket clearances can reduce the air curtain effect. The impact of rotational speed on the air curtain effect was much greater than the impact of cage clearance changes. The pocket clearance had a more significant influence on the bearing’s air curtain effect compared with the guide clearance.
- angular contact ball bearing /
- air curtain effect /
- guide clearance /
- pocket clearance /
- vortex identification

HTML

图 1 多重坐标系

Figure 1. Multiple reference frame

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图 2 轴承整体与1/12几何结构模型

Figure 2. Integral and 1/12 geometry models of the bearing

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图 3 轴承流体域及网格模型

Figure 3. Bearing fluid domain and mesh model

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图 4 不同转速下的Q值与截面流线

Figure 4. Q value and cross-section streamline at different speeds

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图 5 不同转速下的涡量与截面流线

Figure 5. Vorticity and cross-sectional streamlines at different speeds

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图 6 不同转速下的第二气帘中心涡量

Figure 6. Vorticity at the center of the second air curtain at different speeds

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图 7 不同引导间隙下的Q值与截面流线

Figure 7. Q values and cross-section streamlines under different guide clearances

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图 8 不同引导间隙下的涡量与截面流线

Figure 8. Vorticity and cross-sectional streamlines at different guide clearances

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图 9 不同引导间隙下的涡量

Figure 9. Vorticity at different guide clearances

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图 10 不同兜孔间隙下的Q值与截面流线

Figure 10. Q value and cross-sectional streamline under different pocket clearances

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图 11 不同兜孔间隙下的涡量与截面流线

Figure 11. Vorticity and cross-sectional streamlines under different pockets clearances

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图 12 不同兜孔间隙下的涡量

Figure 12. Vorticity at different pockets clearances

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图 13 不同结构参数下的涡量

Figure 13. Vorticity under different structural parameters

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图 14 不同因素水平下的涡量

Figure 14. Vorticity at different factor levels

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表 1 轴承结构参数

Table 1. Bearing structural parameters

参数	数值
内径d/mm	40
外径D/mm	80
节圆直径d_m/mm	60
轴承宽度B/mm	18
钢球数量N	12

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表 2 网格无关性验证

Table 2. Mesh independence validation

方案	网格数量	涡量ω/s⁻¹	误差/%
a	100736	1182	5.9
b	209093	1544	22.8
c	392179	1260	0.2
d	434461	1259	0.2
e	539313	1257	0

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表 3 改变参数后的9种结构

Table 3. 9 structures after changing parameters mm

结构	引导间隙	兜孔间隙
结构1	0.2	0.6
结构2	0.4	0.6
结构3	0.6	0.6
结构4	0.8	0.6
结构5	1.0	0.6
结构6	0.6	0.2
结构7	0.6	0.4
结构8	0.6	0.8
结构9	0.6	1.0

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表 4 实验参数正交试验水平因素表

Table 4. Orthogonal test level factor

因素	数值
因素	水平1	水平2	水平3
转速（A）/（r/min）	5000	10000	15000
引导间隙（B）/mm	0.4	0.6	0.8
兜孔间隙（C）/mm	0.4	0.6	0.8

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表 5 正交试验方案及结果

Table 5. Orthogonal test protocol and results

编号	因素
编号	转速（A）/ （r/min）	引导间隙（B）/ mm	兜孔间隙（C）/ mm	涡量（Y）/ s⁻¹
1	5000	0.4	0.4	1338
2	5000	0.6	0.8	1123
3	5000	0.8	0.6	1184
4	10000	0.4	0.8	2368
5	10000	0.6	0.6	2338
6	10000	0.8	0.4	2708
7	15000	0.4	0.6	4726
8	15000	0.6	0.4	4774
9	15000	0.8	0.8	2391

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表 6 轴承气帘涡量极差分析

Table 6. Bearing air curtain vorticity range analysis

参数	因素
参数	转速（A）/ （r/min）	引导间隙（B）/ mm	兜孔间隙（C）/ mm
K₁	3645	8432	8820
K₂	7414	8235	8248
K₃	11891	6283	5882
水平均值K₁	1215	2811	2940
水平均值K₂	2471	2745	2749
水平均值K₃	3964	2094	1961
极差R	2749	716	979
主次顺序（优选）	A>C>B

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