Effects of thread pair clearance on bolted joints loosening failure
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摘要:
首先，理论分析了螺纹副间隙对螺栓连接松动失效过程的影响。其次，建立了考虑螺纹副间隙的螺纹轮廓数学方程，利用Fukuoka提出的螺纹建模方法开发了含不同螺纹副间隙的内、外螺纹网格模型以及螺纹退刀槽网格模型。在此基础上，分析了横向振动下螺栓连接横截面、螺栓连接承压面的应力分布，讨论了振幅和螺纹副间隙对螺栓螺母松动转角的影响。最后，通过试验研究了振幅为0.5 mm和初始预紧力为12 kN条件下螺纹副间隙对松动失效的影响。结果表明：建立的含螺纹副间隙的螺栓连接有限元模型更加符合工程实际；同等条件下，增大螺纹副间隙会加剧螺纹面的滑移，而且使得螺栓头承压面与下板接触更加不稳定，导致预紧力丧失加速；适当减小螺纹副间隙有利于防松，螺纹副间隙减小0.08 mm，螺栓连接松动速率降低约23%。
Abstract:Firstly, the effects of thread pair clearance on the bolted joints loosening process was analyzed theoretically. And subsequently, the mathematical equation of the internal and external thread profiles with thread pair clearance was built, the internal and external thread mesh models and the thread retract groove mesh model were developed by using the thread modeling method proposed by Fukuoka. Thereafter, the stress distributions in the bolted cross-section and the bearing surface of the bolted joints were analyzed, and the effects of the vibration amplitude and the thread pair clearance on the loosening angle of bolt and nut were discussed. The impacts of the thread pair clearance on the loosening failure characteristics with amplitude of 0.5 mm or preload of 12 kN were verified by test in the end. The results showed that the finite element model of the bolted joints with thread pair clearance was more realistic to the engineering practice. And the slippage of the thread surface was more serious with the increase of the thread pair clearance under same conditions, and the contact force between the bolt bearing surface and the lower plate became more unstable, which resulted in the acceleration of the bolt loosening. Appropriately reducing the thread pair clearance was conducive to anti-loosening, the thread pair clearance was reduced by 0.08 mm, and the loosening rate of the bolted joints was reduced by about 23%.
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Key words:
- bolted joints /
- loosening failure /
- thread pair clearance /
- bearing surface /
- stress distribution
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图 1 螺纹副间隙测量方法示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of thread pair clearance measurement method
图 2 横向振动下螺栓连接状态示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of bolted joints status under transverse vibration
图 3 不同螺纹副间隙螺栓倾斜情况示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of tilt of bolts with different thread pair clearances
图 6 单螺距外螺纹网格和螺纹退刀槽网格建模过程
Figure 6. Single-pitch external thread mesh and threaded retract mesh modeling process
图 11 间隙为L的螺栓连接有限元模型
Figure 11. Finite element model of a bolted joints with a clearance of L
图 13 螺栓连接承压面法向应力变化
Figure 13. Change in normal stress of bearing surface of bolted joints
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