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摘要:
以高涵道比涡扇发动机风扇增压级部件为研究对象，针对中国西北和东南沿海地区飞机在起降时产生的颗粒侵蚀现象进行模拟研究，采用拉格朗日粒子追踪理论精确抓捕颗粒撞击壁面的位置参数及运动参数。结果发现：西北地区叶片压力面侵蚀速率远高于沿海地区；随转速降低，侵蚀区域扩大并向尾缘延伸，进入内涵道颗粒数量增加，进入外涵道颗粒数量减少，撞击风扇叶片颗粒数量降低，粒径较大的颗粒数量增加或减少幅度更为明显。当全速工况降低至80%转速工况时，西北地区叶片磨损速率降低约49.4%，95%叶高截面最大侵蚀速率降低约54.1%，压力面上颗粒撞击速度下降约7.5%～24.6%；沿海地区叶片磨损速率降低约45.8%，95%叶高截面最大侵蚀速率降低约60.6%，压力面上颗粒撞击速度下降约12.5%～22.9%。
Abstract:The fan boost stage components of high bypass ratio turbofan engines were taken as the research object to conduct a simulation study on the particle erosion phenomenon that occurs during aircraft takeoff and landing in the northwest and southeast coastal regions of China. The Lagrangian particle tracking theory was employed to precisely capture the positional parameters and kinematic characteristics of particle-wall collision dynamics. The results showed that the erosion rate on the pressure side of the blade in the northwest region was much higher than that in the coastal region. As the rotational speed decreased, the erosion area expanded and extended towards the trailing edge, the number of particles entering the core passage increased, the number of particles entering the bypass passage and the number of particles impacting the fan blade decreased. The increase or decrease in the number of larger particles was more significant. When the full speed condition was reduced to 80% speed condition, the blade wear rate in the northwest region decreased by approximately 49.4%, the maximum erosion rate at the 95% blade height section decreased by approximately 54.1%, and the particle impact velocity on the pressure side decreased by approximately 7.5% to 24.6%. In the coastal region, the blade wear rate decreased by approximately 45.8%, the maximum erosion rate at the 95% blade height section decreased by approximately 60.6%, and the particle impact velocity on the pressure side decreased by approximately 12.5% to 22.9%.
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图 10 95%叶高截面颗粒平均体积分数
Figure 10. Average volume fraction of particles at 95% span cross section
图 11 压力面附近颗粒平均体积分数
Figure 11. Average volume fraction of particles near the pressure surface
图 21 西北地区叶片壁面撞击速度分布
Figure 21. Impact velocity distribution on blade wall of northwestern region
图 22 沿海地区叶片壁面撞击速度分布
Figure 22. Impact velocity distribution on blade wall of coastal region
表 1 侵蚀模型数据
Table 1. Erosion model data
参数 数值 k12 0.05 V1/（m/s） 1 348.93 V2/（m/s） 644.99 V3/（m/s） 625.00 $ {\theta }_{0} $/（°） 30.00 
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表 2 模型设计参数
Table 2. Model design parameter
参数 数值 设计转速/（r/min） 5 175 进口质量流量/（kg/s） 260.24 等熵效率 0.89 总温比 1.17 总压比 1.65 叶尖间隙/mm 0.50
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表 3 模型叶片数量
Table 3. Number of model blades
叶片 数量 风扇叶片 24 外涵道导流叶片 76 内涵道导流叶片 108 第一级动/静叶 74/136 第二级动/静叶 78/136 第三级动/静叶 74/136
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表 4 沙粒粒径分布
Table 4. Sand particle size distribution
沙粒种类 粒径范围/μm 美国标准砂 350～700 塔克拉玛干沙粒 150～300 厦门沙粒 300～800 海南沙粒 200～900 腾格里沙漠沙粒 200～500
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表 5 侵蚀工况
Table 5. Erosion condition
转速/% 地区 粒径/μm 质量浓度/（mg/m3） 100 西北地区 150～300 17.4 沿海地区 300～800 2 80 西北地区 150～300 17.4 沿海地区 300～800 2
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表 6 QAR数据中N1参数
Table 6. N1 parameter in QAR data
阶段 时间/s 转速/% 滑出 774 25±5 起飞 30 95±5 起飞航段 8 95±5 爬升 686 92/95/98 巡航 3360 83±3 下降 2797 70±10 进近 253 40±10 最终进近 180 50±3 着陆 35 60±10 滑入 420 20±3
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