Analysis on microscopic damage evolution in components of resin-based composite materials for engine nozzles
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摘要:
为了准确描述树脂基三维针刺复合材料细观结构对力学性能的影响，对复合材料开展了原位拉伸微观X射线计算机断层扫描实验，结合图像处理技术和细观结构重构方法，完成了孔隙、裂纹、纤维精细化结构的量化分析，得到了孔隙体积等参数的变化规律，建立了材料三维应变场。提出图像边界路径提取算法和断层扫描数据重构算法，建立了铺层有限元模型。结果表明：树脂基复合材料在拉伸载荷下不同铺层损伤演化规律不同，编织纤维层上的损伤主要集中在基体与经向纤维上；单向纤维层损伤集中于纤维束之间，损伤沿着拉伸方向的垂直方向扩展；而网胎纤维层的最大损伤点出现于针刺结构处，针刺工艺在提升层间强度的同时不可避免地会对材料性能造成影响；在拉伸载荷作用下，编织纤维层承载能力最强，拉伸应变为3%时，损伤状态参数均小于0.1。网胎纤维层由于其较高的孔隙率，在拉伸应变为3%时，损伤最高，损伤状态参数为0.605。
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关键词:
- 树脂基三维针刺复合材料 /
- 计算机断层扫描 /
- 增量全局数字体相关法 /
- 等效刚度 /
- 损伤演化
Abstract:To accurately characterize the influence of the mesostructure of three-dimensional needle-punched resin matrix composites on their mechanical properties, in-situ tensile micro X-ray computed tomography experiments were performed on the composites. By integrating image processing techniques and mesostructural reconstruction methods, quantitative analysis of fine structural features such as pores, cracks, and fiber architectures was completed, the evolution patterns of pore volume parameters were revealed and a three-dimensional strain field of the material was established. An image boundary path extraction algorithm and tomographic data reconstruction algorithm were proposed, enabling the construction of a layered finite element model. The results indicated that resin-based composites exhibited distinct damage evolution behaviors across different fiber architectures under tensile loading: damage in woven fiber layers primarily concentrated on the matrix and warp fibers; damage in unidirectional fiber layers occurred between fiber bundles and propagated perpendicular to the tensile direction; the maximum damage in non-woven fiber layers appeared at needle-punched structures, demonstrating that the needling process enhanced interlayer strength while inevitably degrading material performance. Under tensile loading, the woven fiber layer exhibited the highest load-bearing capacity, with damage state parameters remaining below 0.1 at a tensile strain of 3%. In contrast, the non-woven fiber layer, due to its higher porosity, showed the most severe damage under the same strain, with a damage state parameter of 0.605.
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图 1 实验装置和观测试件示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup and observed specimen
图 3 树脂基三维针刺复合材料的横截面Micro-CT图像（拉伸力为346 N）
Figure 3. Micro-CT image of the cross section of three-dimensional needle-punched resin-based composite material （tensile force of 346 N）
图 6 树脂基三维针刺复合材料DVC分析结果
Figure 6. DVC analysis results of three-dimensional needle-punched resin-based composite material
图 13 单向纤维层和网胎纤维层有限元模型
Figure 13. Finite element model of unidirectional fiber layer and fiber web layer
图 14 单向纤维层和网胎纤维层有限元模型损伤演化分析
Figure 14. Damage evolution analysis of the finite element model of the unidirectional fiber layer and the fiber web layer
图 15 纤维相与基体相拉伸应变$ \varepsilon $为2%时损伤演化分析
Figure 15. Damage evolution analysis of fiber phase and matrix phase at tensile strain ε of 2%
图 16 单向纤维层、编织纤维层和网胎纤维层的拉伸图像
Figure 16. Image of unidirectional fiber layer, woven fiber layer and fiber web layer under tension
表 1 等效弹性性能预测采用的基体、纤维属性参数
Table 1. Matrix and fiber property parameters used for equivalent elastic performance prediction
组分 密度/（g/cm3） 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 纤维 1.80 230 0.3 基体 1.05 3.2 0.3 
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表 2 纤维束弹性性能参数预测验证
Table 2. Prediction and verification of elastic performance parameters of fiber bundles
项目 E11/GPa E22/GPa E33/GPa G12/GPa G13/GPa G23/GPa υ12 υ13 υ23 预测值 188.86 9.76 8.726 4.77 4.76 3.289 0.309 0.316 0.503 Chamis经验公式计算值 188.33 9.36 9.36 5.04 5.04 3.03 0.3 0.3 0.53 误差/% 0.28 4.27 7.26 5.66 5.88 8.55 3 5.3 5.37
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