火箭橇卡瓣垫环设计及气动参数数值研究

郝芬芬; 周学文; 程明灿; 杨洋; 庞超

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250040

火箭橇卡瓣垫环设计及气动参数数值研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250040

郝芬芬^{1, 2,},
周学文²,
程明灿²,
杨洋²,
庞超²

1.
西安交通大学航天航空学院，西安 710049
2.
中国兵器工业集团有限公司中国兵器工业试验测试研究院，西安 710116

基金项目: 科工局稳定支持项目

详细信息

作者简介:
郝芬芬（1987-），女，副研究员，博士生，主要从事火箭橇试验设计研究。E-mail：317566299@qq.com

中图分类号: V553.2⁺1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-11

Numerical investigation on design and aerodynamic parameters of rocket sled sabot backing ring

1.
School of Aerospace Engineering，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China
2.
Norinco Group Test and Measuring Academy，China North Industries Group Corporation Limited，Xi’an 710116，China

摘要

摘要:
针对火箭橇试验中弹橇低扰动分离的关键需求，提出一种基于脱壳机理的内凹型卡瓣垫环结构应用于被试产品和火箭橇体之间，以增强弹橇解除约束后的气动分离力。设计了4种具有不同外延长度的内凹型卡瓣垫环，卡瓣外延长度与垫环厚度比值分别为0.5、1、1.5、2。通过CFD方法对应用传统垫环和4种卡瓣垫环的火箭橇体进行气动特性仿真，系统分析了传统平面垫环与卡瓣垫环橇体的气动特性、卡瓣外延长度及马赫数对气动特性的影响规律。结果表明：相较于传统平面垫环，内凹型卡瓣垫环能显著提升弹橇分离过程中其相对于被试产品的外扩力；卡瓣垫环外延长度增加对自身气动阻力影响较小，但会增加弹体阻力并减小橇体阻力，同时提升垫环的升力和侧向力，利于弹橇分离；马赫数小于2时，短外延垫环可能产生不利侧向力，但随着马赫数提高，长外延垫环的升力与侧向力均有所增加，有利于实现弹橇分离。研究结果可为火箭橇弹橇低扰动分离试验的设计提供新的解决方案和理论支撑。
- 火箭橇 /
- 卡瓣垫环 /
- 计算流体力学 /
- 气动特性 /
- 弹橇分离
Abstract:
Considering the key requirement of low-disturbance sled separation in the rocket sled test, a sabot backing ring structure based on the dehulling mechanism was proposed to be placed between the test objects and the rocket sleds to enhance the aerodynamic separation force of the backing ring after the object was released from the sled. Four types of inner concave sabot backing rings were designed with different extension lengths; the ratio of sabot extension length to ring thickness was 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2, respectively. CFD simulations were conducted to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of rocket sleds equipped with both traditional backing ring and four types of sabot backing rings. A systematic investigation on the aerodynamic effects of the sleds with traditional flat backing ring and sabot backing ring and the effects of the sabot extension length and the Mach number was carried out. The results showed that the inner concave sabot ring significantly improved its outward expansion force relative to the test product during the bullet-sled separation process compared with the traditional flat backing ring. The increase in the sabot extension length had little effect on its own aerodynamic drag, but it increased the bullet drag and reduced the sled drag; while improving the lifting and lateral force of the ring, this was favorable to the sled separation. At Mach numbers below 2, the short extension length of the sabot backing ring may generate unfavorable lateral forces, but as the Mach number increased, the lift and lateral forces of the long extension length of the sabot backing ring increased, helping to achieve bullet-sled separation. The results of the study can provide a new solution and theoretical support for the design of low disturbance separation of rocket sled test.
- rocket sled /
- sabot backing ring /
- computational fluid dynamics /
- aerodynamic characteristics /
- bullet-sled separation

HTML

图 1 轨道终点弹橇分离过程

Figure 1. Separation process of subject-sled at the end of rail

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图 2 常规火箭橇体

Figure 2. Conventional rocket sled

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图 3 两种垫环形式

Figure 3. Two kinds of backing ring

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图 4 火箭橇流场

Figure 4. Flow field of rocket sled

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图 5 火箭橇流场网格

Figure 5. Grid of rocket sled flow field

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图 6 采用平面垫环和卡瓣垫环的橇体

Figure 6. Sled with flat backing ring and sabot backing ring

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图 7 4种外延长度卡瓣垫环

Figure 7. Sabot backing ring with four types of extension length

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图 8 橇体各部件命名

Figure 8. The name of each part of the sled

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图 9 传统橇体和“1h”橇体压力云图

Figure 9. Pressure contours of traditional sled and “1h” sled

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图 10 不同外延长度卡瓣橇体关键部阻力特性

Figure 10. Drag force of crucial components of seld with different sabot extension length

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图 11 不同外延长度卡瓣垫环气动特性

Figure 11. Aerodynamic characteristic of sabot bacing ring with different extension length

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图 12 不同卡瓣垫环橇体力云图

Figure 12. Pressure contours of sled with different sabot backing rings

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图 13 不同马赫数下“1h”橇系统密度云图

Figure 13. Density contour of “1h” sled at different mach numbers

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图 14 不同马赫数下卡瓣垫环气动特性

Figure 14. Aerodynamic characteristic of sabot backing ring at different mach numbers

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表 1 传统橇体和“1h”橇体各部件升阻力

Table 1. Lift and drag force of each component of traditional sled and “1h” sled N

部件	升力		阻力
部件	传统橇体	“1h” 橇体	传统橇体	“1h” 橇体
弹体前端	7284	4319	5461	6878
弹体后端	−3213	−3448	6073	6209
橇体前端	−1	7	25382	19991
前滑靴	−2614	−2464	3321	3299
上垫环	543	3855	6634	6923
下垫环	−270	−1382	6801	6847
橇体后端	5074	5390	8791	8976
橇整体	3004	7879	64364	59806

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表 2 传统垫环和“1h”垫环侧向力

Table 2. Lateral force of traditional backing ring and “1h” backing ring N

部件	侧向力
部件	传统垫环	“1h”垫环
上垫环	327	−2429
下垫环	456	−684

下载: 导出CSV

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