Study on flow and ignition characteristics of evaporative flameholder under low temperature and pressure conditions
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摘要:
为了拓宽亚燃冲压发动机的工作下限，实现在低温、低压来流下成功组织燃烧，提出了一种带有积液腔的蒸发式火焰稳定器。通过数值模拟和点熄火试验测量方法，研究了该稳定器在不同点火位置下的点火性能和不同来流工况下的点火与稳焰性能。研究表明：该稳定器能在来流温度低至307 K、静压低至18 kPa时成功点火。在值班点火区域，远离高湍动能区且靠近大回流区中心的位置点火性能最佳；在低工况下，更高的来流温度和速度，对应于更好的贫油点、熄火极限；低工况下的贫油点火，点火过程较长，且有着爆燃猝熄和二次火核形成发展的过程。
Abstract:In order to broaden the working range of the ramjet combustor and realize the successful combustion under low-temperature and low-pressure inflows, an evaporative flameholder with a ring cavity for accumulating liquid fuel was proposed. The ignition and flame stabilization performances of the flameholder at different ignition positions under varied conditions were studied by numerical simulation and experimental measurement. The results showed that the flameholder can successfully hold the flame at inflow temperature and static pressure as low as 307 K and 18 kPa. At the pilot ignition region, the best ignition performance was presented away from the area with high turbulence kinetic energy and close to the center of the large recirculation zone. Under low inflow conditions, the increase of inflow temperature and velocity was conducive to expanding the lean ignition and blowout limits downward. Higher ignition energy had a significant improvement effect on ignition performance under low operating conditions, especially at lower temperature.
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图 1 带积液腔的蒸发式火焰稳定器（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Evaporation flameholder with liquid accumulation chamber （unit：mm）
图 6 带流线的速度云图与湍动能云图
Figure 6. Velocity and turbulent kinetic energy contours with streamlines
图 9 不同工况点下的贫油点熄火极限
Figure 9. Lean ignition and blowout limits of point a under different experimental conditions
表 1 来流工况参数表
Table 1. Atmospheric environmental parameters
参数 数值 来流表压$ {p}_{{\mathrm{s}}} $/kPa $ 10～18 $ 来流温度$ {T}_{{\mathrm{m}}}/\mathrm{K} $ $ 307～430 $ 来流速度$ V/ （\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}） $ $ 20～40 $ 
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表 2 边界条件
Table 2. Boundary conditions
边界类型 位置 参数与数值 流量入口 燃烧室入口 $ {q}_{\mathrm{m}}=0.25\;{\mathrm{kg/s}} $
$ T=390\;{\mathrm{K}} $压力出口 燃烧室出口 $ {p}_{{\mathrm{s}}} $=18 kPa 无滑移壁面 固体壁面 环境压力 $ {p}_{0} $=101 kPa
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