Fuel transfer thermal effect of civil aircraft auxiliary fuel tank on main fuel tank
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摘要:
针对民机辅助燃油箱（AFT）燃油转输对主燃油箱热影响的定量分析问题，构建了以时间常数和平衡温差为热特征参数的指数函数形式燃油箱热分析模型，可快速评估该热影响。研究通过推导AFT转输过程中的热量传递关系，确定主燃油箱热时间常数不变，重点修正平衡温差，提出温差比例系数以量化平衡温差修正量。依托某典型民机加装AFT研制场景，通过修正其基础热特征参数矩阵构建出兼容AFT转输的主燃油箱热分析模型，并开展多架次试飞场景下主燃油箱油温仿真。对比试飞数据表明：仿真值始终略大于试验数据，仿真精度满足AC25.981-2A要求。考虑AFT转输热影响的主燃油箱快速建模方法可应用于加装AFT的民机主燃油箱可燃性分析工作，表明对CCAR-25-R4 25.981（b）条款的符合性，为相关民机型号研制提供工程实用方法。
Abstract:To quantitatively analyze the thermal effect of fuel transfer from the auxiliary fuel tank (AFT) on the main fuel tank in a civil aircraft, an exponential function model of the fuel tank thermal analysis was constructed with time constant and equilibrium temperature difference as the thermal characteristic parameters, which can quickly evaluate the thermal effect. By deriving the heat transfer relationships during AFT operations, the thermal time constant of the main fuel tank was maintained while focusing on adjusting the equilibrium temperature difference, and a proportional coefficient to quantify correction values was proposed. Based on a typical civil aircraft AFT retrofitting scenario, a main fuel tank thermal analysis model compatible with AFT transfer was constructed by modifying its fundamental thermal characteristic parameter matrix, and fuel temperature simulation under multi-flight test flight scenarios was conducted. The comparison test flight data showed that the simulation value was always slightly larger than the test data, and the simulation accuracy met the AC25.981-2A requirements. The rapid modeling approach for main fuel tank considering AFT transfer heat effects can be applied to flammability analysis of main fuel tanks in civil aircraft equipped with AFT. This demonstrated compliance with CCAR-25-R4 25.981(b), thus providing an engineering solution for developing relevant aircraft models.
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图 2 AFT燃油转输过程热节点温差
Figure 2. Temperature difference at thermal nodes during AFT fuel transfer
表 1 飞机数据
Table 1. Aircraft data
项目 输入 巡航马赫数Ma 0.78 巡航高度/m 10668 起飞高度/m 0 主燃油箱最大载油量/kg 10000 AFT大载油量/kg 5000 巡航高度AFT基准转输速率/（kg/min） 34 飞机巡航典型耗油率/（kg/min） 30 巡航高度客舱相对环境压差/Pa 56201 
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表 2 外翼油箱隔舱时间常数
Table 2. Outer wing tank bay time constant
高度/m 外翼油箱时间常数$ \tau $/s 内侧 外侧 备用油 满油 备用油 满油 0 5000 5000 300 300 457 5000 5000 300 300 610 600 2000 300 300 3048 600 2000 300 300 9144 600 2000 300 300 10668 600 4000 300 300 12497 600 4000 300 300
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表 3 外翼油箱隔舱平衡温差（AFT未转输）
Table 3. Equilibrium temperature difference of outer wing tank bay （AFT fuel transfer off）
高度/m 外翼油箱隔舱基础平衡温差/℃ 内侧Δt1,inboard 外侧Δt1,outboard 0 5 10 457 5 10 610 5 5 3048 5 5 7620 5 5 10668 5 5 13716 5 5
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表 4 外翼油箱隔舱平衡温差 （AFT转输）
Table 4. Equilibrium temperature difference of outer wing tank bay （AFT fuel transfer on）
外翼内侧油箱隔舱
平衡温差 Δt2,inboard外翼外侧油箱隔舱
平衡温差Δt2,outboardΔtmax=tcargo−tr
Δt2,inboard=0.4Δtmax+Δt1,inboardΔt2,outboard=Δt1,outboard
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表 5 试飞试验信息
Table 5. Flight test info
科目名称 架次 飞行时长 地面气温tgrd/℃ 辅助 暖天短航程 2 h20 min 29.2 燃油箱 暖天长航程 7 h 24.1 热模型 常温天短航程 2 h9 min 10.4 验证试飞 常温天长航程 6 h33 min 10.5
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