Effects of structural parameters on the flow characteristics of feedback-free self-excited sweeping nozzles
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摘要:
为满足不同应用场景下的无反馈自激扫掠喷嘴工作特性调控需求，提出一种自激扫掠喷嘴参数化设计方法，并采用二维数值模拟方法揭示了结构参数对该型喷嘴的内部流动机制以及宏观工作特性的影响。研究结果表明，在喷嘴内部形成自激振荡流动的关键在于选取合适的对冲角角度、进出口比例及对冲点位置距出口长度；扫掠频率与对冲角度、对冲点位置及腔室长宽比呈强相关性；频率特性主要受到几何穹顶处漩涡的影响，降低腔室长宽比、对冲角度以及调节对冲点距离喷口位置均可提高扫掠频率。此外，进出口比例显著影响扫掠张角与流量特性，减小该比例可增大张角并提升气液两相速度梯度，但伴随流动损失增加。
Abstract:To meet the regulatory requirements for the operational performance of feedback-free self-excited sweeping nozzles across various application scenarios, this paper proposes a parametric design method for such nozzles. A two-dimensional numerical simulation approach was employed to elucidate the effects of structural parameters on the internal flow mechanisms and macroscopic operating characteristics of the nozzle. The study revealed that the formation of self-excited oscillatory flow within the nozzle critically depended on the optimization of three key parameters: the impingement angle, the inlet-to-outlet ratio, and the distance between the impingement point and the outlet. Frequency control exhibited a strong correlation with the impingement angle, impingement point position, and the chamber length-to-width ratio. The frequency characteristics were primarily governed by vortices formed at the geometric dome; reducing the chamber length-to-width ratio, adjusting the impingement angle, and modifying the distance between the impingement point and the nozzle exit enhanced the sweeping frequency. Furthermore, the inlet-to-outlet ratio significantly impacted the sweeping angle and flow characteristics. A decrease in this ratio led to an increase in the sweeping angle and amplified gas-liquid phase velocity gradients. However, it also resulted in increased flow loss.
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图 9 喷嘴工作特性随网格数变化曲线
Figure 9. Curves of nozzle operation performance as a function of mesh size
图 10 数值模拟与实验结果对比
Figure 10. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental results
图 11 自激扫掠喷嘴内漩涡形成的示意图
Figure 11. Schematic of vortex formation in a self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 12 自激扫掠喷嘴内部漩涡周期演变过程
Figure 12. Periodic evolution of vortices inside the self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 14 对冲角度对自激扫掠喷嘴流动特性影响
Figure 14. Effect of the impingement angle on the flow characteristics of self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 15 扫掠频率与喉道速度随对冲角度变化响应曲线
Figure 15. Response curves of sweeping frequency and throat velocity with the variation of impinging angle
图 16 进出口比例对自激扫掠喷嘴流动特性影响
Figure 16. Effect of the inlet-to-outlet ratio on the flow characteristics of self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 17 扫掠频率与喉道速度随进出口比例变化响应曲线
Figure 17. Response curves of the sweeping frequency and throat velocity with respect to changes in the inlet-to-outlet ratio
图 19 对冲点位置对自激扫掠喷嘴流动特性影响
Figure 19. Effect of stagnation point position on the flow characteristics of self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 20 扫掠频率与喉道速度随对冲点距离出口长度变化的响应曲线
Figure 20. Response curves of the sweeping frequency and throat velocity with respect to variations in the distance from the impingement point to the nozzle length
图 21 喷嘴内部漩涡演变示意图（G/A=0.25）
Figure 21. Schematic diagram of vortex evolution inside the nozzle （G/A=0.25）
图 22 圆倒角对自激扫掠喷嘴流动特性影响
Figure 22. Effect of rounded chamfers on the flow characteristics of self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 23 扫掠频率与喉道速度随圆倒角尺寸变化的响应曲线
Figure 23. Response curves of the sweeping frequency and throat velocity with respect to variations in the size of the rounded chamfer
图 24 腔室长宽比例对自激扫掠喷嘴流动特性影响
Figure 24. Effect of the chamber length-to-width ratio on the flow characteristics of self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 25 扫掠频率与喉道速度随腔室长宽比变化的响应曲线
Figure 25. Response curves of the sweeping frequency and throat velocity with respect to variations in the chamber length-to-width ratio
表 1 自激扫掠喷嘴结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of self-excited sweeping nozzle
参数 说明 H 出口段扩张段高度 D 出口喉道 α 出口段角度 B 腔室宽度 A 腔室长度 J 进口通道宽度 L 进口通道长度 G 对冲点距离出口长度 R 腔室圆角半径 β 对冲角度 
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