基于光纤传感的航空发动机涡轮转子温度-应变复合信号测量方法

冯迪; 孙君如; 魏鹏; 贾真

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250068

基于光纤传感的航空发动机涡轮转子温度-应变复合信号测量方法

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250068

冯迪^1,,
孙君如^1,*, ,,
魏鹏²,
贾真³

1.
北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院，北京 100191
3.
中国航空发动机集团有限公司中国航空发动机研究院，北京 101304

基金项目: 科技部“十四五”国家重点研发计划智能传感器重点专项（2022YFB3207500）；国家重点研发计划（2024YFC3014204）

详细信息

作者简介:
冯迪（1972-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事光纤传感研究方向。E-mail：fengdi@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙君如（2000-），女，硕士生，主要从事光纤传感研究方向。E-mail：SJR202501@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-04

Measurement method of temperature-strain composite signal of turbine rotor in aero-engine based on fiber optic sensing

FENG Di^1
,,
SUN Junru^{1,*
, ,},
WEI Peng²,
JIA Zhen³

1.
School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
3.
Aero Engine Academy of China，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Beijing 101304，China

摘要

摘要:
采用光纤光栅传感器串、高速光纤滑环、高速光栅信号解调算法相结合搭建实验系统；提出基于无偏风险估计阈值的小波域信号去噪方法，解决发动机试车数据中存在的各种噪声的干扰，提高信号处理质量；提出多级离散小波变换对光纤光栅采集到的温度-应变复合信号解耦。研究结果表明：搭建的解调系统可以实现发动机17000 r/min信号稳定采集，该转速下的应变和温度信号实现分离，温度变化从叶底到叶顶逐渐增大，叶片背风面前缘应变变化最为显著。
- 光纤光栅传感器 /
- 高速光纤滑环 /
- 发动机涡轮转子 /
- 多级离散小波变换 /
- 信号解耦
Abstract:
An experimental system was established by integrating fiber Bragg grating sensor strings, high-speed optical slip rings, and fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation algorithms. A wavelet domain signal denoising method based on unbiased risk estimation threshold was proposed to address the interference of various noises in the engine test data and improve the quality of signal processing. A multi-level discrete wavelet transform was proposed to decouple the temperature-strain composite signals from the fiber Bragg grating. The research results showed that the demodulation system can stably collect signals at 17 000 r/min, with the strain and temperature signals successfully separated. The temperature gradually increased from the blade root to the blade tip, with the most significant strain changes occurring at the leading edge of the blade's windward surface.
- fiber Bragg grating sensor /
- high-speed optical fiber slip ring /
- engine turbine rotor /
- multi-level discrete wavelet transform /
- signal decoupling

HTML

图 1 光纤光栅工作原理图

Figure 1. Working principle of fiber Bragg grating

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图 2 实验系统示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the test system

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图 3 涡轮转子光纤光栅传感器串布线

Figure 3. Turbine rotor fiber Bragg grating sensor string wiring

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图 4 光纤光栅粘贴实物

Figure 4. Fiber Bragg grating paste physical objects

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图 5 转子系统动平衡实验

Figure 5. Dynamic balancing test of rotor system

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图 6 系统功能构架

Figure 6. System functional architecture

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图 7 复合信号分离软件界面

Figure 7. Composite signal separation software interface

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图 8 发动机转速变化

Figure 8. Engine speed changes

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图 9 FBG1～FBG7光纤光栅传感器变化

Figure 9. FBG1—FBG7 fiber Bragg grating sensor changes

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图 10 不同小波基函数和分解层次下的RMSE和SNR

Figure 10. RMSE and SNR under different wavelet basis functions and decomposition levels

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图 11 FBG1各级逼近信号图

Figure 11. FBG1 level approach signal diagram

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图 12 FBG1各级细节信号图

Figure 12. FBG1 level detail signal diagram

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图 13 FBG各级细节信号频谱图

Figure 13. FBG detail signal spectrum at all levels

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图 14 FBG1温度变化

Figure 14. FBG1 temperature changes

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图 15 FBG1～FBG7实验测量温度变化

Figure 15. Experimental measurement of temperature changes in FBG1—FBG7

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图 16 FBG1～FBG7实验测量应变变化

Figure 16. Experimental measurement of strain changes in FBG1—FBG7

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表 1 分解层数10下不同小波基函数RMSE和SNR

Table 1. Decompose different wavelet basis functions RMSE and SNR with 10 layers

小波基	RMSE	SNR/dB
sym4	0.0129	101.4048
sym6	0.0129	101.4329
sym8	0.0130	101.3668
db7	0.0133	101.1814
db8	0.0131	101.2884
db10	0.0135	101.0570

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表 2 FBG1～FBG7温度和应变变化

Table 2. Temperature and strain changes of FBG1—FBG7

编号	初始波长/nm	温度最大值/℃	应变变化范围/10⁻⁶
FBG1	1514.0628	347.37	−497.74～359.56
FBG2	1524.8645	419.87	−292.13～98.03
FBG3	1535.9614	463.31	−327.17～106.26
FBG4	1546.7165	496.51	−457.44～273.72
FBG5	1557.4377	497.77	−197.65～996.61
FBG6	1570.1508	465.70	−451.93～2341.71
FBG7	1579.7771	82.92	−28.66～5.41

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