Numerical investigation of ignition location effects on ignition process in skirted evaporative flameholders
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摘要:
为提升蒸发式火焰稳定器点火性能、揭示其点火过程规律、指导工程实际中点火位置选择，在来流温度为483 K、马赫数为0.2的条件下，以裙板型蒸发式火焰稳定器为研究对象，通过大涡模拟方法，得到了裙板型蒸发式火焰稳定器在不同径向点火位置处点火性能及点火过程，总结了点火位置对点火过程及点火性能的影响规律。结果表明：由于壁面燃油富集作用，靠近裙板的点火位置具有最优的点火性能，点火位置R1模拟贫油点火极限油气比为
0.0007 ，点火位置R2与R3均为0.0011 ，点火位置R2与R3处贫油点火油气比相较R1增大57.1%，不同点火位置点火过程具有相同的发展趋势，点火位置处局部流场不同引起了火焰传播路径的变化，燃油浓度场影响占主要影响地位。-
关键词:
- 裙板型蒸发式火焰稳定器 /
- 径向点火位置 /
- 点火过程 /
- 大涡模拟 /
- 贫油点火
Abstract:In order to enhance the ignition performance of the evaporative flameholder, reveal the inherent patterns of its ignition process, and provide a guidance for ignition location selection in engineering practice, the skirted evaporative flameholder under inflow conditions of 483 K temperature and Mach number 0.2 was investigated. Through large eddy simulation methodology, the ignition performance and ignition processes at different radial ignition locations were systematically examined, with particular emphasis on elucidating the influence of ignition location on flame development characteristics. The results demonstrated that the ignition location adjacent to the skirt plate (designated as R1) exhibited superior ignition characteristics attributable to wall-induced fuel enrichment effects. Computational simulations revealed a lean ignition limit fuel-air ratio of
0.0007 at position R1, whereas positions R2 and R3 displayed significantly elevated values of0.0011 . Notably, the lean ignition fuel-air ratio at positions R2 and R3 manifested a 57.1% enhancement relative to that observed at position R1, quantitatively confirming the spatial dependence of ignition performance in wall-bounded configurations. Although ignition processes at different locations exhibited similar developmental trends, variations in local flow field characteristics at the ignition sites induced distinct alterations in flame propagation paths. Comparative analysis revealed that the fuel concentration field exerted dominant influence on the ignition dynamics compared with aerodynamic factors. -
图 2 非反应速度场收敛计算
Figure 2. Transient convergence characteristics of non-reacting velocity field
图 3 非反应燃油场收敛计算
Figure 3. Transient convergence characteristics of non-reacting fuel field
图 4 裙板型蒸发式火焰稳定器三维结构示意图
Figure 4. Three-dimensional schematic of skirted evaporative flameholder
图 7 变网格数下裙板型蒸发式火焰稳定器x=0.10 m截面的时均流向速度分布
Figure 7. Time-averaged axial velocity distributions at x=0.10 m cross-section of skirted evaporative flameholder under varying mesh densities
图 8 湍动能求解率分布云图（$ Ma_{\infty}=0.2、T_{\infty}=483\; \mathrm{K} $）
Figure 8. Contour plot of turbulent kinetic energy solution convergence rate （$ {Ma}_{\infty }=0.2,{T}_{\infty }=483\;\mathrm{K} $）
图 10 大涡模拟结果（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.125\mathrm{、}{T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=500\;\mathrm{K}\mathrm{、}{p}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.1\;\mathrm{M}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a} $、f=
0.0026 ）Figure 10. Results of large eddy simulations （$ {Ma}_{\infty }=0.125,{T}_{\infty }=500\;{\mathrm{K}},{p}_{\infty }=0.1\;{\mathrm{MPa}} $, f=
0.0026 ）
图 12 裙板型蒸发式火焰稳定器时均流线图（$ {Ma}_{\infty }=0.2 $，z=0.04 m截面）
Figure 12. Time-averaged flow diagram of skirted evaporative flameholder （$ {Ma}_{\infty }=0.2 $, z=0.04 m）
图 13 贫油点火油气比逐次逼近法示意图
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the step-by-step approximation of the fuel-air ratio for lean fuel ignition
图 14 径向点火位置对贫油点火油气比的影响
Figure 14. Impact of radial ignition location on fuel-air ratio Requirements for Fuel-Lean Ignition
图 16 点火过程示意图（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $、$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{、}{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $、R1）
Figure 16. Schematic diagram of the ignition process （$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $,$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K},{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $, R1）
图 18 点火过程中火焰体积$ {W}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}} $变化（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $、$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{、}{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1\mathrm{、}\mathrm{R}1 $）
Figure 18. Variation of flame volume $ {W}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}} $ during ignition process （$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $,$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K},{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1,\mathrm{ }\mathrm{R}1 $）
图 19 点火过程中火焰体积$ {W}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}} $随时间的变化（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $、$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K}\mathrm{、}{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $、R1～R3）
Figure 19. Variation of flame volume $ {W}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}} $ with time during the ignition process （$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $,$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K},{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $，R1～R3）
图 20 点火过程中$ {t}_{\mathrm{S}1} $～$ {t}_{\mathrm{S}3} $随点火位置的变化（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $、$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K}\mathrm{、}{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $、R1～R3）
Figure 20. Variation of $ {t}_{\mathrm{S}1} $～$ {t}_{\mathrm{S}3} $ with ignition location during ignition process （$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $, $ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K},\;{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $, R1～R3）
图 21 点火过程温度云图（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $、 $ T_{\mathrm{\infty}}=483\; \mathrm{K}、f_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\; 1 $、 R1～R3）
Figure 21. Variation of temperature cloud during ignition process （$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $, $ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;{\mathrm{K}},\;{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $, R1～R3）
图 22 S1阶段火焰传播轨迹简化图（$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $、$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\;\mathrm{K}\mathrm{、}{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $）
Figure 22. Simplified diagram of flame propagation trajectory in stage S1 （$ {Ma}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=0.2 $,$ {T}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=483\mathrm{K},{f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}=0.001\;1 $）
表 1 点火位置对裙板型蒸发式稳定器点火性能影响的数值模拟结果
Table 1. Numerical simulation results on the effect of ignition location on the ignition performance of skirted evaporative flameholder
模拟
序号点火
位置试验贫油点火
极限油气比$ {{f}_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o},\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}}} $[17]模拟点火
油气比$ {f}_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{m}} $数值模拟
点火结果R1F1 R1 0.0006 0.0011 √ R1F2 0.001 √ R1F3 0.0009 √ R1F4 0.0008 √ R1F5 0.0007 √ R1F6 0.0006 × R2F1 R2 0.0009 0.0011 √ R2F2 0.001 × R2F3 0.0009 × R3F1 R3 0.0011 √ R3F2 0.001 × R3F3 0.0009 × 
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