Experimental study and structural improvement of leakage characteristics of variable stator vane pivot
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摘要:
压气机可调静叶枢轴与机匣之间存在间隙泄漏，对压气机效率有直接影响。为获得枢轴间隙的泄漏特性，搭建了高压比的枢轴泄漏实验平台。通过质量流量控制法和压力损失法，测量不同间隙和进出口压比下的空气泄漏率，分析了枢轴与机匣的配合状态、轴向间隙和径向间隙等对泄漏率的影响。实验结果表明：压比、轴向和径向间隙的增大，会导致泄漏率和质量流量系数的增长；在压比为3.3的工况下，径向接触状态的泄漏率相对于0.01 mm间隙状态降低了86.54%；枢轴的偏心会导致泄漏率增加，而倾斜会导致泄漏率降低。为减少泄漏，对泄漏的流动特性进行仿真分析，并提出了空腔填充简单衬套或篦齿衬套的封严结构。仿真计算结果表明：在压比为3.3的工况下，增加简单衬套后泄漏率下降约为40.04%，增加篦齿衬套后泄漏率下降约为31.8%。
Abstract:There is a gap leakage between the variable stator vane pivot of the compressor and the casing, which has a direct impact on the efficiency of the compressor. To obtain the leakage characteristics of the pivot gap, a high-pressure ratio pivot leakage experimental platform was established. Using flow control and pressure loss methods, the air leakage rates under various gaps and inlet-outlet pressure ratios were measured, and the effects of the mating condition between the pivot and casing, as well as axial and radial gaps, on the leakage rate were analyzed. Experimental results indicated that increases in pressure ratio, axial, and radial gaps led to an increase in both the leakage rate and the flow coefficient; under operating conditions with a pressure ratio of 3.3, the leakage rate in a radial contact state was reduced by 86.54% compared with a 0.01 mm gap state. Eccentricity of the pivot can lead to an increase in leakage rate, whereas tilt can decrease it. To reduce leakage, simulation analysis on the flow characteristics of the leakage was conducted, and a sealing structure using simple bushings or splined bushings for cavity filling was proposed. The simulation results indicated that under operating conditions with a pressure ratio of 3.3, the leakage rate decreased by approximately 40.04% with the addition of simple bushings, and by approximately 31.8% with the addition of splined bushings.
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图 7 基于流量控制法的泄漏率测量过程
Figure 7. Leakage rate measurement process based on the flowmeter method
图 9 两种微小流量测量方法的实验对比
Figure 9. Experimental comparison of two microflow measurement methods
图 10 0#枢轴不同状态下的泄漏率与流量系数
Figure 10. 0# pivot leakage rate and flow coefficient in different states
图 11 4#枢轴不同状态下的泄漏率与流量系数
Figure 11. 4# pivot leakage rate and flow coefficient in different states
图 12 使用压力损失法测量枢轴接触泄漏率
Figure 12. Pivot contact leakage rate measured by the transient pressure method
图 13 4#枢轴不同径向间隙下的泄漏率与流量系数
Figure 13. 4# pivot leakage rate and flow coefficient under different radial clearances
图 14 0#枢轴不同姿态下的泄漏率与流量系数
Figure 14. 0# pivot leakage rate and flow coefficient under different attitudes
图 15 不同枢轴长度下的泄漏率与流量系数
Figure 15. Leakage rate and flow coefficient at different pivot lengths
图 17 压比为2.5工况下的原始结构速度云图
Figure 17. Velocity contour diagram of the original structure at pressure ratio of 2.5
图 18 压比为2.5工况下的原始结构压力云图
Figure 18. Pressure contour diagram of the original structure at pressure ratio of 2.5
图 19 完全偏心状态实验数据与仿真计算对比图
Figure 19. Comparison of experimental data and simulation calculations in complete eccentric state
图 21 压比为2.5工况下的改进结构1速度云图
Figure 21. Velocity contour diagram of the improved structure 1 at pressure ratio of 2.5
图 22 压比为2.5工况下的改进结构1压力云图
Figure 22. Pressure contour diagram of the improved structure 1 at pressure ratio of 2.5
图 23 压比为2.5工况下的改进结构2速度云图
Figure 23. Velocity contour diagram of the improved structure 2 at pressure ratio of 2.5
图 24 压比为2.5工况下的改进结构2压力云图
Figure 24. Pressure contour diagram of the improved structure 2 at pressure ratio of 2.5
图 25 原始结构与改进结构泄漏率对比
Figure 25. Comparison of leakage rates between the original structure and the improved structures
表 1 实验件间隙组别设置
Table 1. Setup of the gap categories for the experimental components
编号 枢轴结构 枢轴长度
$ L $/mm轴向间隙
$ a $/mm径向间隙
$ c $/mm0# 单衬套 19.5 0.06 0.2 0.11 0.17 1# 双衬套 29.9 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.18 2# 双衬套 27.5 0.09 0.2 0.12 0.18 3# 双衬套 32.7 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.18 4# 双衬套 48.3 0.08 0～0.3 0.09 0.12 
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表 2 主要参数的不确定度
Table 2. Uncertainty of the main parameters
参数 不确定度/% $ \Delta A/A $ 1.5 $ \Delta \dot{m}/\dot{m} $ 1 $ \Delta {\dot{m}}_{\text{id}}/{\dot{m}}_{\text{id}} $ 1.53 $ \Delta {C}_{\text{d}}/{C}_{\text{d}} $ 1.83
下载: 导出CSV
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