Analysis and experimental study of leakage characteristics of rotating seal ring
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摘要:
旋转密封环在航空发动机中阻隔轴承腔低温引气与涡轮高温引气。为获得转速和进出口压比对密封效果的影响规律，搭建了高压比、高转速的实验台。通过多截面参数测量，结合密封间隙、接触面润滑对比实验，分析了泄漏特性演变规律。结果表明，转速由0 r/min升至
10000 r/min（压比2.5）时泄漏量减少36.4%，而压比从1.1增至2.5（10000 r/min）导致泄漏量增长91.8%；装配间隙在0.5 mm公差范围内影响小于5%，增加润滑涂层使泄漏量降低15～60%。数值仿真表明，实验工况下转速提升导致平均接触应力增加最大1.24 MPa，改善了密封效果，摩擦因数增大会使平均接触应力降低超过1.35 MPa，不利于密封。研究揭示了转速与密封性能的定量关系及润滑的增效机制，为航空发动机旋转密封设计提供了依据。Abstract:Rotating seal ring are used in aero engines to block low-temperature bleed air in the bearing cavity from high-temperature bleed air in the turbine. In order to obtain the influence of rotation speed and inlet and outlet pressure ratio on the sealing effect, an experimental system with high pressure ratio and high speed was built. Through the measurement of multi-section parameters, combined with the comparative experiments of sealing clearance and contact surface lubrication, the evolution law of leakage characteristics was analyzed. The results show that the leakage is reduced by 36.4% when the rotation speed is increased from 0 to
10000 r/min (pressure ratio 2.5), and the leakage increases by 91.8% when the pressure ratio is increased from 1.1 to 2.5 (10000 r/min). The assembly clearance affects less than 5% within the 0.5mm tolerance, and the addition of lubricating coatings reduces leakage by 15-60%. Numerical simulations show that the average contact stress increases by up to 1.24 MPa under the experimental conditions, which improves the sealing effect, and the increase of friction coefficient reduces the average contact stress by more than 1.35 MPa, which is not conducive to sealing. The quantitative relationship between rotational speed and seal performance and the efficiency mechanism of lubrication are revealed, which provides a basis for the design of rotary seals for aero engines.-
Key words:
- secondary air system /
- rotating seal ring /
- leakage characteristics /
- rotational speed /
- contact stress
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图 1 旋转密封环安装位置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the installation position of the rotating seal ring
图 2 旋转密封环装配结构示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the rotating seal ring
图 4 旋转密封环径向截面受力分析
Figure 4. Force analysis of the radial cross-section of the rotating seal ring
图 6 数值计算与实验测量结果对比
Figure 6. Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental measurement results
图 7 不同转速下旋转密封环的等效应力云图
Figure 7. Equivalent stress contours of the rotating seal ring at different rotational speeds
图 8 不同转速下旋转密封环的总变形云图
Figure 8. Total deformation contours of the rotating seal ring at different rotational speeds
图 9
10000 r/min下旋转密封环的接触应力云图Figure 9. Contact stress contours of the rotating seal ring at
10000 r/min
图 11 不同摩擦因数下的接触应力变化规律
Figure 11. Variation of contact stress with friction coefficient
图 12 旋转密封实验系统示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the rotating seal experimental system
图 13 旋转密封实验段结构示意图
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the rotating seal experimental section structure
图 15 5次重复装配篦齿静态间隙
Figure 15. Static clearance of labyrinth seal teeth after five repeated assemblies
图 16
10000 r/min工况下5次重复装配篦齿泄漏量Figure 16. Leakage of labyrinth seal after five repeated assemblies at
10000 r/min
图 17 旋转密封实验段测点布置
Figure 17. Layout of measuring points in the rotating seal experimental section
图 18 实验件泄漏量随转速变化规律
Figure 18. Variation of leakage of the experimental piece with rotational speed
图 19 实验件有效泄漏面积随转速变化规律
Figure 19. Variation of effective leakage area of the experimental piece with rotational speed
图 20 实验件换算流量随转速变化规律
Figure 20. Variation of corrected flow rate of the experimental piece with rotational speed
图 21 实验件泄漏量随压比变化规律
Figure 21. Variation of leakage of the experimental piece with pressure ratio
图 22 实验件有效泄漏面积随压比变化规律
Figure 22. Variation of effective leakage area of the experimental piece with pressure ratio
图 23 实验件换算流量随压比变化规律
Figure 23. Variation of corrected flow rate of the experimental piece with pressure ratio
图 25 有/无润滑涂层实验件换算泄漏流量偏差
Figure 25. Deviation of corrected leakage flow rate between experimental pieces with and without lubricating coating
表 1 主要参数的不确定度
Table 1. Uncertainty of the main parameters
参数 不确定度（%） 密封环泄漏量mr 4.4 有效泄漏面积Aeff 4.6 换算流量$ \lambda $ 4.5 
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