轴线偏差下止口螺栓连接结构高精度装配技术

张伟; 吴怀远; 刘博文; 胡博; 王鲁

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250183

轴线偏差下止口螺栓连接结构高精度装配技术

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250183

大连理工大学机械工程学院，大连 116023

详细信息

作者简介:
张伟（1985-），男，副教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事航空航天智能装配技术研究。E-mail：weizhang@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: V232.7；TH131.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 46
- HTML浏览量: 41
- PDF量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-09-12

High-precision assembly technology of bolt connection with spigot structure under axial deviation

School of Mechanical Engineering，Dalian University of Technology，Dalian 116024，China

摘要

摘要:
针对航空发动机止口螺栓连接结构安装边装配精度差的问题，提出了轴线偏差下止口螺栓连接结构的装配机理和误差分析，基于此进一步构建了可记录圆心偏移量的安装边装配模型，并通过同心度比较了拧紧顺序、拧紧步数和工艺螺栓数量的装配精度。最后以缩尺模拟件进行试验验证，以组件同心度和上下两级盘外伸端端面变形变化量为表征获取了最优装配工艺。结果表明：（1）止口螺栓连接结构的过盈止口对轴线偏差有补偿作用，仿真中效果更明显，可以使200 μm轴线偏差几乎减小到0 μm，试验中也可使122 μm轴线偏差大幅降低；（2）最优装配工艺为拧紧顺序应使用对角交叉拧紧、拧紧步数应使用三步拧紧、工艺螺栓数量应使用4颗。（3）倾斜装配试验中同心度增大了4.69倍，装配过程中一定要避免倾斜装配。
- 止口螺栓连接 /
- 轴线偏差 /
- 装配精度 /
- 同心度 /
- 装配工艺
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of poor assembly accuracy of the mounting side of the aero-engine stop bolt connection structure, the assembly mechanism and error analysis of the stop bolt connection structure under the axial deviation are proposed, based on which the mounting side assembly model that can record the circular center offset is further constructed, and the assembly accuracy of the tightening sequence, the number of tightening steps, and the number of process bolts are compared by concentricity. Finally, the optimal assembly process was obtained by test validation with reduced-scale simulated parts, characterized by the concentricity of the assembly and the amount of deformation change of the upper and lower two-stage discs' outreach end surfaces. The results show that: (1) the surplus stop of the stop bolt connection structure has a compensating effect on the axial deviation, and the effect is more obvious in the simulation, which can make the 200 μm axial deviation almost reduced to 0 μm, and the 122 μm axial deviation can be greatly reduced in the test; (2) the optimal assembly process is that the tightening sequence should use diagonal cross-tightening, the number of steps of tightening should use three-step tightening, and the number of process bolts should use four. (3) The concentricity increased by 4.69 times in the tilted assembly test, and tilted assembly must be avoided in the assembly process.
- bolt connection with spigot /
- axial misalignment /
- assembly accuracy /
- concentricity /
- assembly process

HTML

图 1 止口接触模型

Figure 1. Spigot contact modeling

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 径向偏移

Figure 2. Caliber offset

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 四级盘安装边受力情况

Figure 3. Force on the mounting side of a four-stage disk

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 周向弯矩作用示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of circumferential bending moment action

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 三、四、五级转子变形示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of rotor deformation in three, four and five stages

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 装配轴线偏差

Figure 6. Assembly axis deviation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 使用工艺螺栓变形示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of deformation of process bolts in use

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 弹性相互作用示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of elastic interactions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 安装边装配模型

Figure 9. Mounting side assembly model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同拧紧顺序圆心偏移轨迹

Figure 10. Circular center offset trajectories for different tightening sequences

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同拧紧步数圆心偏移轨迹

Figure 11. Circular center offset trajectories with different tightening steps

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同工艺螺栓数量圆心偏移轨迹

Figure 12. Circular center offset trajectories for different numbers of process bolts

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 不同倾斜角度下的圆心偏移轨迹

Figure 13. Circular center offset trajectories with different inclinations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 圆柱度仪

Figure 14. Cylindricity gauge

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 试验件工程图（单位：mm）

Figure 15. Engineering drawing of test piece（unit:mm）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 模拟试验件

Figure 16. Simulated test pieces

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 不同拧紧顺序外伸端变形变化量对比

Figure 17. Comparison of changes in deformation of elongated ends with different tightening sequences

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 不同拧紧步数外伸端变形变化量对比

Figure 18. Comparison of changes in deformation of elongated ends with different tightening steps

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 不同工艺螺栓数量变形变化量对比

Figure 19. Comparison of the amount of deformation change in the number of bolts of different processes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同拧紧顺序最终圆心偏移量

Table 1. Final center offset for different tightening sequences μm

部件编号	顺序拧紧	拧紧顺序对角顺序	对角交叉
三级盘	22.2	8.1	0.6
五级盘	29.8	11.2	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同拧紧步数最终圆心偏移量

Table 2. Final center offset for different tightening steps μm

部件编号	拧紧步数
部件编号	1	2	3
三级盘	8.1	2.6	1.4
五级盘	11.2	2	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同工艺螺栓数量最终圆心偏移量

Table 3. Final center offset for different number of process bolts μm

部件编号	工艺螺母数量
部件编号	0	2	4
三级盘	11.2	8.1	0
五级盘	15.2	11.2	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同倾斜度最终圆心偏移量

Table 4. Final center offset for different tilts μm

部件编号	倾斜角度/（°）
部件编号	0	0.1	0.15
三级盘	0.2	8.1	8.7
五级盘	0.8	11.2	11.9

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 不同拧紧顺序同心度数据

Table 5. Concentricity data for different tightening sequences

序号	三级盘拟合圆心/μm	五级盘拟合圆心/μm	同心度/μm
1	（−72.62, 114.66）	（−57.99, 69.63）	47.34
2	（−44.87, −73.66）	（−19.88, 28.79）	105.45
3	（133.85, 32.08）	（−146.94, 5.57）	29.57

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 不同拧紧步数同心度数据

Table 6. Concentricity data for different tightening steps μm

序号	三级盘拟合圆心	五级盘拟合圆心	同心度
1	（−72.62, 114.66）	（−57.99, 69.63）	47.34
4	（58.74, 48.02）	（49.58, 20.72）	28.91
5	（39.53, 59.83）	（26.72, 39.77）	20.54

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 不同工艺螺栓数量同心度数据

Table 7. Concentricity data for different number of process bolts μm

序号	三级盘拟合圆心	五级盘拟合圆心	同心度
1	（−72.62, 114.66）	（−57.99, 69.63）	47.34
6	（−39.39, 164.58）	（−35.39, 42.02）	122.60
7	（36.48, −31.33）	（86.12, −78.37）	68.38

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 倾斜装配同心度数据

Table 8. Tilt assembly concentricity data μm

序号	三级盘拟合圆心	五级盘拟合圆心	同心度
1	（−72.62, 114.66）	（−57.99, 69.63）	47.34
8	（−147.76, 25.26）	（35.83, −222.23）	269.27

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	尹泽勇, 秦亚欣, 李建榕, 等. 新时期我国民用航空发动机自主发展战略研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2023, 25(5): 185-191. Yin Zeyong, Qin Yaxin, Li Jianrong, et al. Independent development strategy of civil aero-engine in China in the new era[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2023, 25(5): 185-191. (in Chinese doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.019 Yin Zeyong, Qin Yaxin, Li Jianrong, et al. Independent development strategy of civil aero-engine in China in the new era[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2023, 25(5): 185-191. (in Chinese) doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.019
[2]	向巧, 黄劲东, 胡晓煜, 等. 航空动力强国发展战略研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(2): 106-112. Xiang Qiao, Huang Jindong, Hu Xiaoyu, et al. Research on aero engine empower development strategy[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(2): 106-112. (in Chinese doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.013 Xiang Qiao, Huang Jindong, Hu Xiaoyu, et al. Research on aero engine empower development strategy[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(2): 106-112. (in Chinese) doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.013
[3]	刘检华, 孙清超, 程晖, 等. 产品装配技术的研究现状、技术内涵及发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(11): 2-28. Liu Jianhua, Sun Qingchao, Cheng Hui, et al. The state-of-the-art, connotation and developing trends of the products assembly technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(11): 2-28. (in Chinese doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.11.002 Liu Jianhua, Sun Qingchao, Cheng Hui, et al. The state-of-the-art, connotation and developing trends of the products assembly technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(11): 2-28. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.11.002
[4]	张子豪, 郭俊康, 洪军, 等. 航空发动机高压转子装配偏心预测和相位优化的智能算法应用研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2021, 55(2): 47-54. Zhang Zihao, Guo Junkang, Hong Jun, et al. Application study of intelligent algorithms for prediction and phase optimization of assembly eccentricity of aero-engine high pressure rotor[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(2): 47-54. (in Chinese doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb202102006 Zhang Zihao, Guo Junkang, Hong Jun, et al. Application study of intelligent algorithms for prediction and phase optimization of assembly eccentricity of aero-engine high pressure rotor[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(2): 47-54. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb202102006
[5]	陈凯, 唐湘林, 叶飞, 等. 航空发动机转子装配工艺仿真与预测研究[J]. 风机技术, 2021, 63(1): 72-78. Chen Kai, Tang Xianglin, Ye Fei, et al. Research on aero-engine rotor assembly process simulation and prediction[J]. Compressor, Blower & Fan Technology, 2021, 63(1): 72-78. (in Chinese doi: 10.16492/j.fjjs.2021.01.0010 Chen Kai, Tang Xianglin, Ye Fei, et al. Research on aero-engine rotor assembly process simulation and prediction[J]. Compressor, Blower & Fan Technology, 2021, 63(1): 72-78. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16492/j.fjjs.2021.01.0010
[6]	Beaudoin M A, Behdinan K. Analytical lump model for the nonlinear dynamic response of bolted flanges in aero-engine casings[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2019, 115: 14-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.05.056
[7]	Qin Zhaoye, Han Qinkai, Chu Fulei. Bolt loosening at rotating joint interface and its influence on rotor dynamics[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2016, 59: 456-466. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.11.002
[8]	Babu K N, Naresh H, Srinivasa Gupta G. Design and analysis of bolted joint for rocket motor casing[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018, 5(2): 5165-5174. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.098
[9]	郭飞燕, 刘检华, 邹方, 等. 数字孪生驱动的装配工艺设计现状及关键实现技术研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(17): 110-132. Guo Feiyan, Liu Jianhua, Zou Fang, et al. Research on the state-of-art, connotation and key implementation technology of assembly process planning with digital twin[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(17): 110-132. (in Chinese Guo Feiyan, Liu Jianhua, Zou Fang, et al. Research on the state-of-art, connotation and key implementation technology of assembly process planning with digital twin[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(17): 110-132. (in Chinese)
[10]	岳伟, 梅庆, 张大义, 等. 高速可拆卸转子止口连接结构稳健性设计方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2017, 32(7): 1754-1761. Yue Wei, Mei Qing, Zhang Dayi, et al. Robust design method of rabbet joint structure in high speed assemble rotor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(7): 1754-1761. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2017.07.028 Yue Wei, Mei Qing, Zhang Dayi, et al. Robust design method of rabbet joint structure in high speed assemble rotor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(7): 1754-1761. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2017.07.028
[11]	李伦绪, 陈果, 于平超, 等. 止口螺栓连接结构非线性刚度机理分析及数值仿真[J]. 航空动力学报, 2021, 36(2): 358-368. Li Lunxu, Chen Guo, Yu Pingchao, et al. Nonlinear stiffness mechanism analysis and numerical simulation of rabbet-bolted connection structure[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(2): 358-368. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2021.02.014 Li Lunxu, Chen Guo, Yu Pingchao, et al. Nonlinear stiffness mechanism analysis and numerical simulation of rabbet-bolted connection structure[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(2): 358-368. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2021.02.014
[12]	Li Jian, Lai Xiaoxu, Zou Peng, et al. Effect of imbalanced interface pre-tightening force on the bearing behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer interference-fit lap joint[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 13(4): 16878140211012540.
[13]	Nizametdinov F R, Romashin Y S, Berne A L, et al. Investigation of bending stiffness of gas turbine engine rotor flanged connection[J]. Journal of Mechanics, 2020, 36(6): 729-736. doi: 10.1017/jmech.2020.14
[14]	Berne A L, Leont’ev M K, Nizametdinov F R, et al. Investigation of bending stiffness for flange joint of GTE rotor[J]. Mechanics of Solids, 2019, 54(3): 435-439. doi: 10.3103/S0025654419020079
[15]	汪振禹, 陈世军, 李亚楠. 航空发动机高涡转子过盈止口装配研究[J]. 航空精密制造技术, 2024, 60(1): 44-46, 50. Wang Zhenyu, Chen Shijun, Li Yanan. Research on Assembly of interference fit rabbet of Aero-engine High-pressure Turbine rotor[J]. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 60(1): 44-46, 50. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5451.2024.01.014 Wang Zhenyu, Chen Shijun, Li Yanan. Research on Assembly of interference fit rabbet of Aero-engine High-pressure Turbine rotor[J]. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 60(1): 44-46, 50. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5451.2024.01.014
[16]	李小冬. 航空发动机转子止口—螺栓装配工艺研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2020. Li Xiaodong. Research on assembly process of aeroengine rotor rabbet-bolt joint structure[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese Li Xiaodong. Research on assembly process of aeroengine rotor rabbet-bolt joint structure[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)
[17]	Chen Xiao, Jin Xin, Shang Ke, et al. Entropy-based method to evaluate contact-pressure distribution for assembly-accuracy stability prediction[J]. Entropy, 2019, 21(3): 322. doi: 10.3390/e21030322
[18]	Shi Song, Liu Jianhua, Gong Hao, et al. Modeling of error transfer in multistage rotors assembly of aero engine considering rough surface contact[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(17): 208-219. doi: 10.3901/jme.2023.17.208
[19]	Shi Song, Liu Jianhua, Gong Hao, et al. Assembly accuracy analysis and phase optimization of aero-engine multistage rotors considering surface morphology and non-uniform contact deformation[J]. Precision Engineering, 2024, 88: 595-610. doi: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2024.04.003
[20]	Sun Yanhui, Guo Junkang, Hong Jun, et al. Modeling of rotation accuracy of multi-support rotating machinery considering geometric errors and part deformation[J]. Assembly Automation, 2020, 40(5): 665-673. doi: 10.1108/AA-07-2018-099
[21]	Li Lin, Liu Hao, Zhu Linbo, et al. Simulation analysis on crucial assembly parameter of high pressure rotor in aero-engine[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 65(12): 72-76.
[22]	Du Hailei, Sun Huibin, Huang Jian, et al. Optimizing aero-engine rotor part matching considering assembly accuracy[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2021, 27(5): 1292-1299.
[23]	Zhu L B, Bouzid A H, Hong J, et al. Numerical simulation of the assembly process of bolted flange joints used in rotating machinery[C]//Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP). New York: ASME, 2020.
[24]	罗忠, 石宝龙, 吴法勇, 等. 考虑装配工艺的螺栓连接转子系统振动特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(8): 396-406. Luo Zhong, Shi Baolong, Wu Fayong, et al. Study on the vibration characteristics of bolted joint rotor system considering assembly technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(8): 396-406. (in Chinese doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.08.396 Luo Zhong, Shi Baolong, Wu Fayong, et al. Study on the vibration characteristics of bolted joint rotor system considering assembly technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(8): 396-406. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.08.396
[25]	张伟刚. 航空发动机带止口转子结构装配工艺方法研究[J]. 机械管理开发, 2024, 39(3): 7-9. Zhang Weigang. Research on the assembly process method of aero-engine rotor structure with stopcock[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2024, 39(3): 7-9. (in Chinese doi: 10.16525/j.cnki.cn14-1134/th.2024.03.003 Zhang Weigang. Research on the assembly process method of aero-engine rotor structure with stopcock[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2024, 39(3): 7-9. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16525/j.cnki.cn14-1134/th.2024.03.003
[26]	张明栋. 航空发动机盘鼓组合结构装配工艺稳定性研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2022. Zhang Mingdong. Research on assembly process stability of aeroengine disc-drum composite structure[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2022. (in Chinese Zhang Mingdong. Research on assembly process stability of aeroengine disc-drum composite structure[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)