内外转子刷丝安装方式对旋转刷式密封泄漏流动特性影响

孙嘉辰; 孙丹; 张杰一; 王铭章; 许焕泽; 杨艺潇

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250186

内外转子刷丝安装方式对旋转刷式密封泄漏流动特性影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250186

孙嘉辰^{1, 2,},
孙丹^{1, 2,*, ,},
张杰一^{3, 4},
王铭章^{3, 4},
许焕泽^{1, 2},
杨艺潇^{1, 2}

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
沈阳航空航天大学沈阳市透平机械先进密封技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
3.
中国航发沈阳发动机研究所，沈阳 110015
4.
中国航空发动机集团有限公司航空发动机动力传输航空科技重点实验室，沈阳 110015

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52475206）；辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金（LJ222410143090）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙嘉辰（2003-），男，硕士生，主要从事对转轴间刷式密封技术研究。E-mail：13188138616@163.com

通讯作者:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机先进密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_sundan@163.com

中图分类号: V233.5
计量
- 文章访问数: 177
- HTML浏览量: 187
- PDF量: 33
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-12

Influences of the installation methods of inner and outer rotor bristles on leakage flow characteristics of rotating brush seal

SUN Jiachen^{1, 2
,},
SUN Dan^{1, 2,*
, ,},
ZHANG Jieyi^{3, 4},
WANG Mingzhang^{3, 4},
XU Huanze^{1, 2},
YANG Yixiao^{1, 2}

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
3.
Shenyang Engine Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Shenyang 110015，China
4.
Key Laboratory for Power Transmission of Aero Engine，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Shenyang 110115，China

摘要

摘要:
推导离心力作用下旋转刷式密封刷丝变形特性理论公式，先后建立旋转刷式密封离心效应刷丝力学变形特性求解模型与三维叉排管束泄漏流动特性求解模型。在分别通过理论公式和实验测试结果验证求解模型准确性基础上，分析不同刷丝直径与刷丝安装角随转速变化下的旋转刷式密封刷丝力学变形特性，研究内外转子两种安装方式对旋转刷式密封泄漏流动特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：内外转子两种安装方式下，旋转刷丝承受离心效应均随转速升高而增强，增加刷丝直径和减小刷丝安装角均可降低刷丝离心变形量。内转子刷丝安装方式下，密封泄漏量随刷丝直径和刷丝安装角的减小而降低；内转子刷丝转速为6000 r/min时，刷丝直径从0.10 mm减小到0.05 mm，密封泄漏量降低56.45%；安装角从40°减小至30°，密封泄漏量降低72.62%。外转子刷丝安装方式下，密封泄漏量随刷丝直径增大与刷丝安装角减小而降低；外转子刷丝转速为6000 r/min时，刷丝直径从0.05 mm增大到0.10 mm，密封泄漏量降低59.13%；刷丝安装角从40°减小到30°，密封泄漏量降低27.78%。考虑离心效应对封严性能影响，内转子刷丝安装方式旋转刷式密封为优选结构。
- 旋转刷式密封 /
- 对转轴间 /
- 刷丝安装方式 /
- 离心效应 /
- 三维叉排管束模型
Abstract:
The theoretical formula of deformation characteristics of bristle in rotating brush seals under centrifugal force was derived. Solution models for mechanical deformation characteristics of bristle under centrifugal effects in rotating brush seal and for leakage flow characteristics in three-dimensional staggered tube bundles were established successively. Based on the verification of solution model accuracy through theoretical formulas and experimental results, the mechanical deformation characteristics of rotating brush seal were analyzed for different brush diameters and installation angles at varying rotational speeds, while the effects of the inner and outer rotor installation methods on leakage flow characteristics in rotating brush seal were studied. The results showed that centrifugal effect in rotating bristles intensified with rotational speed under both inner and outer rotor installation methods. Increasing bristle diameter and reducing bristle installation angle could reduce the centrifugal deformation in bristles. Under the inner rotor bristles installation method, sealing leakage decreased with reduced bristle diameter and bristle installation angle. When the inner rotor bristles speed was 6000 r/min, bristle diameter was reduced from 0.10 mm to 0.05 mm, and the sealing leakage was reduced by 56.45%. When the bristle installation angle was reduced from 40° to 30°, the sealing leakage was reduced by 72.62%. Under the outer rotor bristles installation method, sealing leakage decreased with increased bristle diameter and reduced bristle installation angle. When the outer rotor bristles speed was 6000 r/min, the bristle diameter increased from 0.05 mm to 0.10 mm, and the sealing leakage was reduced by 59.13%. When the bristle installation angle was reduced from 40° to 30°, the sealing leakage was reduced by 27.78%. Considering the influence of centrifugal effect on sealing performance, rotating brush seal with inner rotor bristles installation is of the preferred structure.
- rotating brush seal /
- counter-rotating shafts /
- brush installation method /
- centrifugal effect /
- three-dimensional staggered tube bundle model

HTML

图 1 刷式密封结构示意图

Figure 1. Brush seal structure diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 旋转刷式密封内外转子刷丝安装方式

Figure 2. Rotating brush seal inner and outer rotor bristles installation methods

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 旋转刷式密封刷丝力学特性分析模型

Figure 3. Analysis model of mechanical characteristics of rotating brush seal bristles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 泄漏流动特性求解流程

Figure 4. Leakage flow characteristics solving process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 刷丝力学特性求解模型

Figure 5. Bristles mechanical characteristics solving model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 刷丝力学特性求解模型网格划分

Figure 6. Grid division of bristles mechanical properties solving model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 刷丝力学特性求解模型网格无关性验证（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 7. Grid independence verification of bristles mechanical properties solving model （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 泄漏流动特性求解模型

Figure 8. Leakage flow characteristic solving model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 泄漏流动特性求解模型网格划分

Figure 9. Grid division of leakage flow characteristic solving model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 泄漏流动特性求解模型网格无关性验证（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 10. Grid independence verification of leakage flow characteristic solving model （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 刷丝变形量对比验证（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 11. Bristles deformation comparison verification （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 泄漏流动特性实验台

Figure 12. Leakage flow characteristics experimental platform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 泄漏流动特性实验原理图

Figure 13. Experimental schematic diagram of leakage flow characteristics

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 密封泄漏量对比验证（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 14. Comparative verification of sealing leakage （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 不同刷丝直径下刷丝变形量云图（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 15. Bristles deformation cloud diagram under different bristle diameters （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 不同刷丝直径对变形量影响对比（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 16. Comparison of the influence of different bristle diameters on deformation （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 不同刷丝直径下刷丝变形量云图（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 17. Bristles deformation cloud diagram under different bristle diameters（bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 不同刷丝直径对变形量影响对比（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 18. Comparison of the influence of different bristle diameters on deformation （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 不同刷丝安装角下刷丝变形量云图（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 19. Bristles deformation cloud diagram under different bristle installation angles （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 20 不同刷丝安装角对刷丝变形量影响对比（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 20. Comparison of the influence of different bristle installation angles on bristle deformation （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 21 不同刷丝安装角下刷丝变形量云图（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 21. Bristles deformation cloud diagram under different bristle installation angles （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 22 不同刷丝安装角对刷丝变形量影响对比（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 22. Comparison of the influence of different bristle installation angles on bristle deformation （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 23 刷丝自由端区域压力分布云图（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 23. Pressure distribution cloud diagram of the free end of the bristles （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 24 刷丝自由端区域压力分布云图（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 24. Pressure distribution cloud diagram of the free end of the bristles （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 25 刷丝自由端区域速度矢量分布云图（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 25. Vocity vector distribution cloud diagram of the free end region of the bristles （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 26 刷丝自由端区域速度矢量分布云图（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 26. Vocity vector distribution cloud diagram of the free end region of the bristles （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 27 不同刷丝直径对泄漏量影响对比（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 27. Comparison of the influence of different bristle diameters on leakage （bristles installed in the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 28 不同刷丝直径对泄漏量影响对比（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 28. Comparison of the influence of different bristle diameters on leakage （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 29 不同刷丝安装角对泄漏量影响对比（内转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 29. Comparison of the influence of different bristle installation angles on leakage （bristles installedin the inner rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 30 不同刷丝安装角对泄漏量影响对比（外转子刷丝安装方式）

Figure 30. Comparison of the influence of different bristle installation angles on leakage （bristles installed in the outer rotor）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 旋转刷式密封结构参数

Table 1. Rotating brush seal structure parameters

参数	数值
刷丝安装角α/（°）	30，35，40
刷丝直径d/mm	0.05，0.07，0.10
内转子外半径r₁/mm	50.00
外转子内半径r₂/mm	60.00
刷丝长度l/mm	11.00
刷丝间距/mm	0.005，0.007，0.010
刷丝束厚度b/mm	2.00
前挡板保护高度h₁/mm	2.00
后挡板保护高度h₂/mm	1.00
挡板厚度B/mm	1.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 T650碳纤维刷丝材料性能参数^[26]

Table 2. Performance parameters of T650 carbon fiber bristles material^[26]

参数	数值
密度 ρ/（kg/m³）	1771.5
弹性模量 E/GPa	260
泊松比 v	0.3
抗拉强度 σ_b/GPa	4.3

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(27)

[1]	杨喜关, 罗贵火, 唐振寰, 等. 高维反向旋转双转子系统的建模方法及动力特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2014, 29(3): 585-595. YANG Xiguan, LUO Guihuo, TANG Zhenhuan, et al. Modeling method and dynamic characteristics of high-dimensional counter-rotating dual rotor system[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(3): 585-595. (in Chinese YANG Xiguan, LUO Guihuo, TANG Zhenhuan, et al. Modeling method and dynamic characteristics of high-dimensional counter-rotating dual rotor system[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(3): 585-595. (in Chinese)
[2]	NAYAK K C. Effect of rotation on leakage and windage heating in labyrinth seals with honeycomb lands[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2020, 142(8): 081001. doi: 10.1115/1.4047180
[3]	LIU Chunrui, HE Lidong, JIA Xingyun, et al. Effect of installation error on rotary seal of aero engine[J]. Aerospace, 2022, 9(12): 820. doi: 10.3390/aerospace9120820
[4]	王之栎, 刘国西, 郭艳丽. 反转轴间气膜密封动特性分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2010, 36(5): 509-512. WANG Zhili, LIU Guoxi, GUO Yanli. Dynamic characteristic analysis of the gas film seal in counter-rotating shafts[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010, 36(5): 509-512. (in Chinese WANG Zhili, LIU Guoxi, GUO Yanli. Dynamic characteristic analysis of the gas film seal in counter-rotating shafts[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010, 36(5): 509-512. (in Chinese)
[5]	许焕泽, 孙丹, 胡广阳, 等. 对转轴间碳纤维刷式密封泄漏流动特性数值研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(6): 20230829. XU Huanze, SUN Dan, HU Guangyang, et al. Numerical study on leakage flow characteristics of carbon fiber brush seal between counter-rotating shafts[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(6): 20230829. (in Chinese XU Huanze, SUN Dan, HU Guangyang, et al. Numerical study on leakage flow characteristics of carbon fiber brush seal between counter-rotating shafts[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(6): 20230829. (in Chinese)
[6]	吴宁兴, 赵宗坚. 反转轴间气膜密封可行性试验研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2001, 27(4): 20-25, 42. WU Ningxing, ZHAO Zongjian. Experimental study on feasibility of gas film seal between counter-rotating shafts[J]. Aeroengine, 2001, 27(4): 20-25, 42. (in Chinese WU Ningxing, ZHAO Zongjian. Experimental study on feasibility of gas film seal between counter-rotating shafts[J]. Aeroengine, 2001, 27(4): 20-25, 42. (in Chinese)
[7]	方志, 李志刚, 王天昊, 等. 高进口预旋条件下迷宫密封转子动力特性实验研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2022, 56(7): 86-95. FANG Zhi, LI Zhigang, WANG Tianhao, et al. Experimental research on rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals at high inlet preswirl[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2022, 56(7): 86-95. (in Chinese FANG Zhi, LI Zhigang, WANG Tianhao, et al. Experimental research on rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals at high inlet preswirl[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2022, 56(7): 86-95. (in Chinese)
[8]	STEPHEN K, MEHTA J, HOLLOWAY G. Rotating intershaft brush seal project: CP-2006-214383[R]. Washington, US: NASA, 2006.
[9]	杨兴辰, 张万福, 顾承璟, 等. 迷宫-蜂窝混合型密封静态稳定性与泄漏特性研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2021, 41(5): 738-748. YANG Xingchen, ZHANG Wanfu, GU Chengjing, et al. Leakage performance and static stability of hybrid labyrinth-honeycomb seals[J]. Tribology, 2021, 41(5): 738-748. (in Chinese YANG Xingchen, ZHANG Wanfu, GU Chengjing, et al. Leakage performance and static stability of hybrid labyrinth-honeycomb seals[J]. Tribology, 2021, 41(5): 738-748. (in Chinese)
[10]	王鹏飞, 郭文, 张靖周. 典型阶梯篦齿高转速密封性能试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2017, 32(12): 3057-3063. WANG Pengfei, GUO Wen, ZHANG Jingzhou. Experiment on seal characteristics of high ratational speed of stepped labyrinth seals[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(12): 3057-3063. (in Chinese WANG Pengfei, GUO Wen, ZHANG Jingzhou. Experiment on seal characteristics of high ratational speed of stepped labyrinth seals[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(12): 3057-3063. (in Chinese)
[11]	韩来柱. 主轴承腔气/油转轴密封的技术进展[J]. 航空发动机, 1998, 24(3): 62-65. HAN Laizhu. Technical progress of gas/oil shaft seal in main bearing cavity[J]. Aeroengine, 1998, 24(3): 62-65. (in Chinese HAN Laizhu. Technical progress of gas/oil shaft seal in main bearing cavity[J]. Aeroengine, 1998, 24(3): 62-65. (in Chinese)
[12]	GAMBLE W. Counter-rotating intershaft seals for advanced engines[R]. AIAA-1984-1216, 1984.
[13]	王之栎, 郭艳丽, 侯景仁. 反转轴间气膜密封的结构参数与密封性能分析[J]. 润滑与密封, 2008, 33(1): 68-72. WANG Zhili, GUO Yanli, HOU Jingren. Configuration parameters and sealing performances analysis of gas film seal in counter-rotating shafts[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2008, 33(1): 68-72. (in Chinese WANG Zhili, GUO Yanli, HOU Jingren. Configuration parameters and sealing performances analysis of gas film seal in counter-rotating shafts[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2008, 33(1): 68-72. (in Chinese)
[14]	白鸽. 径向端面轴间密封涨紧力与密封性能研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2024. BAI Ge. Study on tightening force and sealing performance of intershaft seal of radial end face[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2024. (in Chinese BAI Ge. Study on tightening force and sealing performance of intershaft seal of radial end face[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2024. (in Chinese)
[15]	刘晓玉, 王之栎, 丁蕾, 等. 反转轴间双端面气膜密封性能分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2017, 43(3): 608-614. LIU Xiaoyu, WANG Zhili, DING Lei, et al. Seal performance analysis of double-faced gas film in counter-rotating intershafts[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017, 43(3): 608-614. (in Chinese LIU Xiaoyu, WANG Zhili, DING Lei, et al. Seal performance analysis of double-faced gas film in counter-rotating intershafts[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017, 43(3): 608-614. (in Chinese)
[16]	徐鹏飞, 李贵林, 赵鹏. 卡氏定理在航空发动机轴间密封设计中的应用[J]. 燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2021, 34(6): 31-36. XU Pengfei, LI Guilin, ZHAO Peng. Application of Castigliano’s theorem in aero-engine inter-shaft seal design[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2021, 34(6): 31-36. (in Chinese XU Pengfei, LI Guilin, ZHAO Peng. Application of Castigliano’s theorem in aero-engine inter-shaft seal design[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2021, 34(6): 31-36. (in Chinese)
[17]	HOLLOWAY G, MEHTA J, ROSADO L, et al. Rotating intershaft brush seal for sealing between rotating shafts: Part 1 experimental performance evaluation compared to mechanical design analysis[R]. AIAA-2007-5732, 2007.
[18]	LATTIME S B, BRAUN M J, CHOY F K, et al. Rotating brush seal[J]. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2002, 8(2): 153-160. doi: 10.1155/S1023621X02000143
[19]	MEHTA J, HOLLOWAY G, ROSADO L, et al. Innovative rotating intershaft brush seal for sealing between rotating shafts part II: modeling of the brush seal leakage flows[R]. AIAA-2006-4752, 2006.
[20]	SARAWATE N, TRIVEDI D. Rotating brush seal design and performance testing[R]. ASME Paper GT2021-02334, 2021.
[21]	MA Dengqian, LI Zhigang, LI Jun. Using a three-dimensional tube bundle model to investigate the leakage flow characteristics of the rotating brush seal[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2022, 236(7): 1284-1296. doi: 10.1177/09576509221089397
[22]	QIU Bo, LI Jun, YAN Xin. Investigation into the flow behavior of multi-stage brush seals[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2014, 228(4): 416-428. doi: 10.1177/0957650914522456
[23]	杨艺潇, 孙丹, 赵欢, 等. 对转轴间碳纤维刷式密封临界闭合间隙影响因素分析[J/OL]. 摩擦学学报, (2024-11-26)[2024-12-26]. http://link.cnki.net/urlid/62.1095.O4.20241125.1807.017. YANG Yixiao, SUN Dan, ZHAO Huan, et al. Analysis of influence factors of critical closing clearance of carbon fiber brush seal between counter-rotating shafts[J/OL]. Tribology, (2024-11-26)[2024-12-26]. http://link.cnki.net/urlid/62.1095.O4.20241125.1807.017. (in Chinese YANG Yixiao, SUN Dan, ZHAO Huan, et al. Analysis of influence factors of critical closing clearance of carbon fiber brush seal between counter-rotating shafts[J/OL]. Tribology, (2024-11-26)[2024-12-26]. http://link.cnki.net/urlid/62.1095.O4.20241125.1807.017. (in Chinese)
[24]	黄首清, 索双富, 李永健, 等. 几何参数对刷式密封泄漏和刷丝尖端力的影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2016, 31(1): 196-202. HUANG Shouqing, SUO Shuangfu, LI Yongjian, et al. Influences of geometric parameters on leakages and bristle tip forces in brush seals[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(1): 196-202. (in Chinese HUANG Shouqing, SUO Shuangfu, LI Yongjian, et al. Influences of geometric parameters on leakages and bristle tip forces in brush seals[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(1): 196-202. (in Chinese)
[25]	LATTIME S B, BRAUN M J, CHOY F K. Design considerations towards the construction of hybrid floating brush seal (HFBS)[J]. Tribology International, 2004, 37(2): 159-167. doi: 10.1016/S0301-679X(03)00045-8
[26]	Innovative rotating intershaft brush seal for sealing between rotating shafts: Part Ⅰ mechanical design of the rotating brush seal[R]. AIAA-2006-4751, 2006.
[27]	彭能, 刘美红, 康宇驰, 等. 航空发动机刷式密封迟滞特性数值研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2023, 44(5): 172-179. PENG Neng, LIU Meihong, KANG Yuchi, et al. Numerical study on hysteresis characteristics of aero-engine brush seals[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2023, 44(5): 172-179. (in Chinese PENG Neng, LIU Meihong, KANG Yuchi, et al. Numerical study on hysteresis characteristics of aero-engine brush seals[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2023, 44(5): 172-179. (in Chinese)