Study on dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid internal mixing injector under backpressure
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摘要:
通过数值模拟方法研究了气液内混喷嘴在反压条件下的动态雾化特性，重点分析了不同频率振荡对雾化场的影响。研究采用VOF转DPM（volume of fluid to discrete particle method）耦合模型，结合网格自适应加密（AMR）技术，模拟了喷嘴内气液两相流的雾化过程。结果表明：在一定反压条件下，对入口施加激励能够显著改善雾化效果，但频率过高会导致部分液滴直径增大，整体雾化效果优于稳态工况。此外，喷雾锥角在频率变化时会有一定升高，而液滴的索太尔平均直径（SMD）呈现周期性波动，频率越高，平均SMD值越大；频率增加会让喷嘴出口流量振荡增强，相位滞后。研究为液体火箭发动机内混喷嘴的动态特性优化提供了参考。
Abstract:The dynamic atomization characteristics of gas-liquid internally mixed injectors under backpressure conditions was investigated through numerical simulations, with a focus on the influences of different frequencies on the atomization field. A volume of fluid to discrete particle method (VOF-to-DPM) model combined with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) was employed to simulate the atomization process of gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the injector. The results indicated that under certain backpressure conditions, excitations at the inlet can significantly improve the atomization performance. However, excessively high frequencies led to an increase in the diameter of some droplets, though the overall atomization effect remained superior to steady-state operation. Additionally, the spray cone angle increased with frequency variation, while the average Sauter mean diameter (SMD) exhibited periodic fluctuations-higher frequencies result in larger overall SMD values. Furthermore, increasing the frequency enhanced flow oscillation at the injector exit and introduced phase lag. This study could provide valuable insights for optimizing the dynamic characteristics of internally mixed injectors in liquid rocket engines.
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图 11 不同轴向位置的索太尔平均直径沿z方向分布曲线
Figure 11. Sauter mean diameter distribution along z-direction at various axial positions
图 12 未转化成液滴的液相占比沿轴线时均曲线
Figure 12. Time-averaged axial profile of liquid phase fraction （unatomized）
图 15 不同振荡频率下液滴大小及空间分布
Figure 15. Droplet size and spatial distribution of droplets at different oscillation frequencies
图 16 不同轴向位置的索太尔平均直径沿z方向时均分布曲线
Figure 16. Time-averaged Sauter mean diameter distribution along z-direction at various axial positions
图 18 雾化场动态SMD变化曲线
Figure 18. Temporal evolution of Sauter mean diameter in the spray field
图 22 内混喷嘴幅频、相频曲线
Figure 22. Amplitude-phase characteristics of internal mixing injectors
表 1 仿真工况与实验结果对比
Table 1. Comparison between simulation and experimental results
工况 SMD/μm 喷雾锥角/（°） SMD误差/% 喷雾锥角误差/% 工况1 仿真 192.15 40 6.67 4.76 实验 180.57 42 工况5 仿真 195.55 44 5.84 2.22 实验 207.68 45 
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