纯氢微混扩散燃烧单元掺混及燃烧特性研究

罗嗣骁; 陈玉乾; 马明城; 黄玥; 王奉明; 朱君妍; 尤延铖

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250229

纯氢微混扩散燃烧单元掺混及燃烧特性研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250229

罗嗣骁^{1, 2,},
陈玉乾^1,*, ,,
马明城¹,
黄玥¹,
王奉明²,
朱君妍³,
尤延铖¹

1.
厦门大学航空航天学院，福建厦门 361102
2.
中国航空发动机集团有限公司中国航空发动机研究院，北京 101304
3.
太行国家实验室，成都 610000

基金项目: 厦门市自然科学基金（3502Z202372010）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（20720240080）

详细信息

作者简介:
罗嗣骁（2001-），男，硕士生，研究方向为氢燃料燃烧。E-mail：sixiaoluo@stu.xmu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈玉乾（1992-），男，助理教授，博士，研究方向为先进空天动力燃烧传热技术。E-mail：chenyuqian@xmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-29

Study on blending and combustion characteristics of hydrogen micro-mixing diffusion unit

1.
School of Aerospace Engineering，Xiamen University，Xiamen Fujian 361102，China
2.
Aero Engine Academy of China，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Beijing 101304，China
3.
Taihang National Laboratory，Chengdu 610000，China

摘要

摘要:
为改善纯氢火焰的燃烧不稳定现象并降低NOx排放，基于氢气横向喷注的微混扩散燃烧单元开展相关研究，通过冷态、热态的数值仿真，探究微混段长度和燃料空气的动量通量比对掺混效果、火焰形态以及NOx排放的影响规律，并通过实验测量不同工况下微混单元的实际NOx排放。研究结果表明：当氢气穿透深度的不同时，火焰呈现托举火焰、“W”形火焰和水滴形火焰3种不同形态；为实现低NOx排放，被气流托举的火焰需要更优的掺混效果以维持稳定燃烧，而“W”形和水滴形这类能附着在微混单元出口的火焰则要防止火焰过于集中，反而应该适当降低掺混；NOx排放在当量比为0.7和0.8时较高，且随着空气流量的增加排放略有降低。
- 氢气 /
- 微混单元 /
- 燃料掺混 /
- NOx排放 /
- 火焰形态
Abstract:
To enhance the combustion stability of hydrogen flames and reduce NOx emissions, investigation was carried out on a micro-mixing diffusion unit with hydrogen cross-injection. By means of numerical simulations for the cold and combustion states, the impacts of the length of micro-mixing section and the momentum flux ratio between fuel and air on mixing efficiency, flame morphology, and NOx emissions were analyzed. Furthermore, experimental measurements were conducted to evaluate the actual NOx emissions of the micro-mixing diffusion unit under varied operating conditions. Results indicated that three distinct combustion modes emerged: lifted flame, “W”-shaped flame, and droplet flame while the hydrogen penetration depths were changed. To achieve lower NOx emissions, the lifted flame required enhanced mixing for stable combustion. However, the excessive flame concentration should be avoided by appropriately reducing mixing for “W”-shaped and droplet flames because flame was adhered to the outlet of the micro-mixing unit. NOx emissions were relatively higher at equivalence ratios of 0.7 and 0.8 but decreased as air flow rate increased.
- hydrogen /
- micro-mixing diffusion combustion /
- fuel blending /
- NOx emission /
- flame characteristics

HTML

图 1 微混扩散燃烧单元几何构型

Figure 1. Geometric configuration of micro-mixing diffusion combustion unit

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图 2 反应机理对比验证

Figure 2. Comparison and verification of reaction mechanism

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图 3 网格无关性验证

Figure 3. Grid independence verification

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图 4 数值仿真计算域的网格图

Figure 4. Mesh diagram of the numerical simulation computational domain

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图 5 实验装置示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

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图 6 仿真可靠性验证

Figure 6. Verification of the reliability of numerical simulation

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图 7 微混单元出口的典型流线

Figure 7. Typical flow pattern at the outlet of the micro-mixing unit

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图 8 不同微混段长度的微混单元出口H₂分布

Figure 8. Distribution of H₂ at the outlet of micro-mixing units with different lengths of blending sections

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图 9 不同微混段长度的H₂掺混效果

Figure 9. H₂ blending effects with different lengths of blending sections

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图 10 不同微混段长度的纵向温度分布

Figure 10. Longitudinal temperature distribution with different lengths of blending sections

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图 11 不同微混段长度的出口平均温度及NOx排放

Figure 11. Average temperatures of outlet and NOx emissions with different lengths of blending sections

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图 12 $ {v}_{\mathrm{a}} $=10 m/s时不同方案的纵向温度分布

Figure 12. Longitudinal temperature distribution of different schemes when $ {v}_{\mathrm{a}}$=10 m/s

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图 13 不同方案的掺混情况及NOx排放

Figure 13. Mixing conditions and NOx emissions of different schemes

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图 14 不同工况下火焰图片

Figure 14. Flame images under different working conditions

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图 15 燃烧实验出口参数测量结果

Figure 15. Measurement results of the outlet parameters of the combustion experiment

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表 1 化学反应式

Table 1. Chemical reaction equation

序号	反应式	序号	反应式
1	H₂+O₂$\rightleftharpoons $HO₂+H	18	OH+H₂O₂$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O+HO₂
2	H+O₂$\rightleftharpoons $OH+O	19	OH+OH+M$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O₂+M
3	O+H₂$\rightleftharpoons $OH+H	20	N+N+M$\rightleftharpoons $N₂+M
4	OH+H₂$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O+H	21	N+O₂$\rightleftharpoons $NO+O
5	OH+OH$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O+O	22	N+NO$\rightleftharpoons $N₂+O
6	H+OH+M$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O+M	23	N+OH$\rightleftharpoons $NO+H
7	H+H+M$\rightleftharpoons $H₂+M	24	H+NO+M$\rightleftharpoons $HNO+M
8	H+O+M$\rightleftharpoons $OH+M	25	H+HNO$\rightleftharpoons $NO+H₂
9	O+O+M$\rightleftharpoons $O₂+M	26	O+HNO$\rightleftharpoons $NO+OH
10	H+O₂+M$\rightleftharpoons $HO₂+M	27	OH+HNO$\rightleftharpoons $NO+H₂O
11	HO₂+H$\rightleftharpoons $OH+OH	28	HO₂+HNO$\rightleftharpoons $NO+H₂O₂
12	HO₂+O$\rightleftharpoons $O₂+OH	29	HO₂+NO$\rightleftharpoons $NO₂+OH
13	HO₂+OH$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O+O₂	30	HO₂+NO$\rightleftharpoons $HNO+O₂
14	HO₂+HO₂$\rightleftharpoons $H₂O₂+O₂	31	H+NO₂$\rightleftharpoons $NO+OH
15	H+H₂O₂$\rightleftharpoons $H₂+HO₂	32	O+NO₂$\rightleftharpoons $NO+O₂
16	H+H₂O₂$\rightleftharpoons $OH+H₂O	33	M+NO₂$\rightleftharpoons $NO+O+M
17	O+H₂O₂$\rightleftharpoons $OH+HO₂

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表 2 试验测量量程与允许误差（满量程）

Table 2. Measurement range and allowable error of experiment （full scale）

测量物理量	量程	允许误差
O₂	0%～25%	0.1%
NO	0～200×10⁻⁶	1% FS
NO₂	0～100×10⁻⁶	1% FS
NOx	0～300×10⁻⁶	1% FS
T_out	273～1 873 K	1.5 K

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表 3 变量方案分组原理

Table 3. Principle of different schemes

方案	$ {d}_{2}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m} $	$ \varPhi $	$ J $
工况1	0.4	0.4～0.8	计算$ {J}_{\mathrm{c}1} $
工况2	计算$ {d}_{2J} $	0.4～0.8	26.76
工况3	计算$ {d}_{2\varPhi } $	0.6	11.90～47.58

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表 4 $ {{\boldsymbol{J}}}_{\bf{c}1} $与$ {{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{{\boldsymbol{2}}{\boldsymbol{J}}}\mathrm{、}{{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{{\boldsymbol{2}}{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}} } $的计算值

Table 4. Calculated values of $ {\boldsymbol{J}}_{\bf{c}1} $, $ {\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\bf{2}}\boldsymbol{J}}\; \mathbf{a}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{d}\; {\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\bf{2}}\boldsymbol{\varPhi }} $

$ \varPhi $	$ {J}_{\mathrm{c}1} $	$ {d}_{2J}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m} $	$ {d}_{2\varPhi }/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m} $
0.4	11.90	0.3266	0.4899
0.5	18.59	0.3651	0.4382
0.6	26.76	0.4000	0.4000
0.7	36.43	0.432	0.3703
0.8	47.58	0.4619	0.3464

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表 5 试验工况表

Table 5. Experimental operating condition

参数	取值
$ {v}_{\mathrm{a}} $/（m/s）	5、7、9
$ \varPhi $	0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8

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