水冲压发动机分布式多分支进水道设计与仿真

陈资政; 刘丛林; 陈宏; 王中烁; 单永志; 王革

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250237

水冲压发动机分布式多分支进水道设计与仿真

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250237

陈资政^1,,
刘丛林^1,*, ,,
陈宏¹,
王中烁²,
单永志³,
王革¹

1.
哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院，哈尔滨 150001
2.
北京机电工程总体设计部，北京 100854
3.
中国兵器工业集团有限公司航空弹药研究院，哈尔滨 150030

详细信息

作者简介:
陈资政（2000-），男，硕士，主要从事水下先进金属动力系统研究。E-mail：854738172@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘丛林（1981-），女，助理研究员，博士，主要从事水下先进金属动力系统研究。E-mail：liuconglin2006@126.com

中图分类号: V435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-19
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-11

Design and simulation of distributed multiple branches inlet pipeline for water ramjet

1.
College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering，Harbin Engineering University，Harbin 150001，China
2.
Beijing System Design Institute of Electro Mechanic Engineering，Beijing 100854，China
3.
Aviation Ammunition Institute，China North Industries Group Corporation Limited，Harbin 150030，China

摘要

摘要:
为提高鱼雷等水下航行体高突防性能，针对金属水冲压发动机设计了多级推力方案，针对常规进水道总压损失显著问题，借鉴喉栓式变推力发动机结构，提出一种多分支分布式异形管路进水高效减阻进水方案，旨在实现高效减阻。通过理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了管路布局、截面形状以及注水口分配对管路阻力损失的影响。结果表明：以二次进水管为例，与相同进水量的外部进水方式相比，分布式进水布局可使压降降低50%，引入异形截面后压降进一步降低22.45%，引入多分支进水口后压降进一步降低13.17%。综合来看该分布式多分支异形管路方案能够使进水在燃烧室轴向均匀分布，同时也能使压降显著降低85.62%。该研究为水冲压发动机的性能优化提供了一条技术路径。
- 水冲压发动机 /
- 进水管路设计 /
- 分布式 /
- 多分支 /
- 阻力损失
Abstract:
To enhance the high-penetration performance of underwater vehicles such as torpedoes, a multi-stage thrust scheme was designed for metal water ramjet. For addressing the significant total pressure loss in conventional water intake channels, an efficient resistance loss reducing water intake scheme with a multi-branch distributed non-circular pipeline was proposed, inspired by the structure of pintle-type variable thrust motors. This scheme was designed to achieve highly efficient resistance loss reduction. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the effects of pipeline layout, cross-sectional shape, and water injection port distribution on pipeline resistance loss were systematically investigated. The results showed that, taking the secondary water inlet pipeline as an example, compared with an external water inlet method with the same water flow rate, the distributed water inlet layout reduced the pressure loss by 50%. Introducing a non-circular cross-section further reduced the pressure loss by 22.45%, and incorporating multi-branch water inlets further reduced it by 13.17%. Overall, this distributed multi-branch non-circular pipeline scheme enabled uniform axial distribution of water inlet in the combustion chamber while significantly reducing the pressure loss by 85.62%. This study could provide a technical pathway for performance optimization of water ramjet.
- water ramjet /
- inlet pipeline design /
- distributed /
- multiple branches /
- resistance loss

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图 1 发射级与续航级药柱

Figure 1. Grain of launch stage and cruise stage

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图 2 内径11 mm管路几何模型与网格分布

Figure 2. Geometric model and grid distribution of the pipeline with an inner diameter of 11 mm

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图 3 压降监测

Figure 3. Monitoring of pressure loss

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图 4 不同进水管路布局

Figure 4. Different layouts of inlet pipeline

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图 5 理论与数值压降对比

Figure 5. Comparison of theoretical and numerical computation of pressure loss

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图 6 异型进水管路布局

Figure 6. Layout of irregular cross-section inlet pipeline

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图 7 异型管路静压云图

Figure 7. Static pressure contours of irregular cross-section inlet pipeline

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图 8 水冲压发动机进水系统总体图

Figure 8. Overall diagram of the water ramjet water inlet system

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图 9 多分支进水口

Figure 9. Multiple branches inlet

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图 10 进水口放大结构图

Figure 10. Structure diagram of the water inlet

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图 11 多分支进水管路阻力损失

Figure 11. Pressure loss of three group irregular cross-section inlet pipeline

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图 12 各喷注口内部流线分布

Figure 12. Inside motion pattern of each group inlet

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γ	水燃比	Q₂	二次进水道进水质量流率
T_c	燃烧室温度	Q₃	三次进水道进水质量流率
I_s	比冲	v_pipe1	一次进水道进水流速
c*	特征速度	v_pipe2	二次进水道进水流速
F_total	鱼雷推力	v_pipe3	三次进水道进水流速
t_work	鱼雷工作时间	p₁	外部进水管路压降
V_work	鱼雷工作速度	p₂	分布式进水管路压降
H_water	鱼雷工作深度	p₃	分布式异形截面进水管路压降
D_b	鱼雷弹体直径	p₄	分布式异形截面多分支注水口进水管路压降
ρ_p	推进剂密度	L₁	一次进水管进水口轴向位置
$ {\dot{m}}_{\mathrm{g}} $	燃气质量流率	L₂	二次进水管进水口轴向位置
D_g	装药直径	L₃	三次进水管进水口轴向位置
L_g	装药长度	ΔD	降比
r_b	燃速	$ {\dot m_1} $	一次进水管分支进水口质量流量
D_h	装药中心通孔直径	$ {\dot m_2} $	二次进水管分支进水口质量流量
D_p	进水管路外径	$ {\dot m_3} $	三次进水管分支进水口质量流量
Q₁	一次进水道进水质量流率

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表 1 不同水燃比下发动机性能参数

Table 1. Performance parameters of water ramjet at different water fuel ratios

γ	T_c/K	I_s/（m/s）	c*/（m/s）
3.0	1121.4	5339.6	1011.3
3.5	926.5	5486.9	923.7
3.6	896.6	5503.9	907.4
3.7	868.6	5516.4	891.5
3.8	841.8	5523.4	875.8
3.9	815.3	5523.8	859.8
4.0	788.5	5517.5	843.0
4.1	762.3	5509.3	827.4
4.2	736.7	5499.7	811.3
4.3	720.6	5487.5	795.7

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表 2 水冲压发动机工作参数

Table 2. Parameter of water ramjet

参数	发射级	续航级
F_total/kN	48	8.6
t_work/s	30	60
V_work/（m/s）	100	20
H_water/m	10
D_b/mm	533

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表 3 两级药柱参数

Table 3. Two-stage grain parameters

参数	发射级	续航级
ρ_p/（kg/m³）	1600	1600
$ {\dot{m}}_{{\mathrm{g}}} $/（kg/s）	9.66	1.73
r_b/（mm/s）	32.4	5.8
D_g/mm	495	495
L_g/mm	971.7	348
D_h/mm	88	88

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表 4 两级进水流量

Table 4. Two-stage water inlet kg/s

参数	发射级	续航级
Q₁	9.66	1.73
Q₂	14.01	2.51
Q₃	14.01	2.51

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表 5 不同布局下管路内的水流速度

Table 5. Flow velocity in pipelines under different layout

进水道布局	D_p/ mm	v_pipe1/ （m/s）	v_pipe2/ （m/s）	v_pipe3/ （m/s）
外部式	11	12.72	14.76	14.76
	12.5	9.85	11.43	11.43
	13.5	8.45	9.80	9.80
分布式	11	12.72	10.54	10.54
	12.5	9.85	8.16	8.16
	13.5	8.45	6.99	6.99

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表 6 不同布局管路压降对比

Table 6. Comparison of pressure losses in different pipeline layouts

参数	一次进水道	二次进水道	三次进水道
p₁/MPa	0.167978	0.250130	0.274923
p₂/MPa	0.167978	0.125067	0.140351
ΔD/%	0	50	48.95

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表 7 异型截面管路压降对比

Table 7. Pressure losses comparison in irregular cross-section inlet pipeline

参数	一次进水道	二次进水道	三次进水道
p₂/MPa	0.167978	0.125067	0.140351
p₃/MPa	0.092883	0.068905	0.074779
ΔD/%	44.71	44.91	46.72

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表 8 各组进水管的注水口位置

Table 8. Inlet positions of each group’s inlet pipeline mm

参数	一次进水道	二次进水道	三次进水道
L₁	1379.7	1529.7	1679.7
L₂	893.85	1043.9	1193.9
L₃	408	558	708

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表 9 多分支进水口管路阻力损失对比

Table 9. Comparison of resistance losses in multibranch inlet pipeline

参数	一次进水道	二次进水道	三次进水道
p₃/MPa	0.092883	0.068905	0.074779
p₄/MPa	0.045292	0.035981	0.041492
ΔD/%	51.24	47.78	44.51

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表 10 管路阻力损失对比

Table 10. Comparison of resistance losses in pipeline

参数	一次进水道	二次进水道	三次进水道
p₁/MPa	0.167978	0.250130	0.274923
p₄/MPa	0.045292	0.035981	0.041492
ΔD/%	73.04	85.62	84.91

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表 11 各组进水口流量

Table 11. Flow rate of each group’s inlet kg/s

参数	0 s 注水口	15 s 注水口	30 s 注水口
$ {\dot{m}}_{1} $	0.6812	0.4389	0.4411
$ {\dot{m}}_{2} $	0.5702	0.3564	0.3669
$ {\dot{m}}_{3} $	0.5707	0.3562	0.3666

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