Design of test rig and wear characterization of planetary sliding bearing under high-frequency start-stop conditions
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摘要:
为研究航空发动机行星齿轮减速箱滑动轴承在高频次启停工况下的磨损情况，搭建了一台模拟滑动轴承启停的试验机，该试验机可实现转速、载荷的独立控制及复合加载，同时监测轴承静特性参数。通过数值模拟与试验验证相结合的方法，对比了轴承静特性参数的理论解与试验结果，验证了试验机模拟工况的可靠性；按实际飞行启停工况进行了
12000 次启停试验，获取了轴承表面形貌的变化及表面尺寸变化；分析了表面磨损变化对轴承性能的影响。试验表明轴承在12000 次启停试验后，承载面半径间隙增大了15.4%，油膜承载力降低了7.4%；轴承表面双侧损伤时，损伤中心距离端面1/4总宽时轴承的性能削减最大；轴承表面单侧损伤时，损伤边缘距离端面1/4总宽时轴承的性能削减最大。Abstract:To investigate the wear behavior of the sliding bearing in aero-engine planetary gearboxes under high-frequency start-stop operating conditions, a dedicated test rig was constructed. This test rig enabled independent control of rotational speed and load, as well as combined loading, while simultaneously monitoring the static parameters of the bearing. By integrating numerical simulation with experimental validation, the theoretically derived static parameters were compared with measured data, confirming the reliability of the simulated conditions provided by the test rig. A total of 12 000 start-stop cycles were conducted according to actual flight conditions, capturing the evolution of surface topography and dimensional changes. The influence of surface wear on bearing performance was subsequently analyzed. Results indicated that after
12000 start-stop cycles, the loaded-surface radial clearance increased by 15.4% and the oil-film load capacity decreased by 7.4%. For bilateral surface damage, the greatest performance degradation occurred when the damage centers were located at 1/4 of the total width from the end face. For unilateral surface damage, the maximum performance loss occurred when the damaged edge was situated at 1/4 of the total width from the corresponding end face.-
Key words:
- high-frequency start-stop /
- wear /
- elliptical bearing /
- testing rig /
- thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication
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图 1 倒置式椭圆轴承结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the inverted elliptical bearing structure
图 4 轴承装载装置结构图
1 底座；2 下基座；3 下泄油箱；4 限位测矩杆；5 供油轴；6 承载滚动轴承；7 连接法兰；8 上基座；9 上泄油箱；10 加载横轴；11 加载螺杆；12 加载带轮；13 试验轴承；14 加载法兰；15 加载滚动轴承；16 加载环。
Figure 4. Structure diagram of bearing loading device
图 5 倒置式椭圆轴承油膜厚度关系示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of inverted elliptic bearing film thickness
图 6 倒置式椭圆轴承热流体计算流程图
Figure 6. Flow chart of inverted elliptical bearing thermal fluid calculation
图 13 启停试验理论转速、载荷曲线
Figure 13. Theoretical speed and load curves of the start-stop test
表 1 轴承基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of the bearing
参数 数值 长轴直径/mm 139.84 短轴直径/mm 139.80 预偏心距/mm 0.02 轴承宽度/mm 235 轴承接触宽度/mm 222 半径间隙/mm 0.13 瓦张角（有供油通道）/（°） 170 
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表 2 试验工况
Table 2. Test conditions
参数 数值 转速/（r/min） 1870 载荷/kN 32 压力角/（°） 0 油品 32# 供油压力/MPa 0.3 供油温度/℃ 35
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表 3 32#油在35 ℃时的物性参数
Table 3. Physical properties of 32# oil at 35 ℃
参数 数值 动力黏度/（mPa·s） 34.863 密度/（kg/m³） 875 比定容热容/（kJ/（kg·℃）） 1 915 导热系数/（W/（m·℃）） 0.129
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表 4 试验前后轴承尺寸变化
Table 4. Bearing size change before and after test
mm 参数 数值 试验前 试验后 长轴平均值 139.84 139.82 短轴平均值 139.80 139.79
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