航空发动机叶片叶端定时综述：测量、监测、诊断与评估

乔百杰; 周凯; 伏宇; 刘美茹; 文璧; 杨志勃; 陈雪峰

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250250

航空发动机叶片叶端定时综述：测量、监测、诊断与评估

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250250

乔百杰^1,,
周凯¹,
伏宇²,
刘美茹^{1, 2},
文璧^{1, 3},
杨志勃¹,
陈雪峰^1,*, ,

1.
西安交通大学航空动力系统与等离子体技术全国重点实验室，西安 710049
2.
中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院，成都 610500
3.
太行实验室，成都 610299

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52475130, 92360306）

详细信息

作者简介:
乔百杰（1985-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为航空发动机叶片健康监测。E-mail：qiao1224@xjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈雪峰（1975-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为复杂机电装备动态特性分析与可靠性测试分析、故障诊断与健康管理等。E-mail：chenxf@xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V232.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 132
- HTML浏览量: 74
- PDF量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-24
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-27

Review of aero-engine blade tip timing: measurement, monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation

Qiao Baijie^1
,,
Zhou Kai¹,
Fu Yu²,
Liu Meiru^{1, 2},
Wen Bi^{1, 3},
Yang Zhibo¹,
Chen Xuefeng^{1,*
, ,}

1.
National Key Lab of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China
2.
Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Chengdu 610500，China
3.
Taihang Laboratory，Chengdu 610299，China

摘要

摘要:
从叶片振动测量、振动监测、故障诊断与运行状态评估4个方面对航空发动机叶端定时技术进行了系统性概述，总结了近年来国内外在叶端定时系统关键技术方面的主要研究成果。国内外学者围绕叶片位移测量、叶片振动参数辨识、叶片裂纹故障诊断与叶片应变重构等方面取得了显著进展。认为未来叶端定时技术的研究应重点在5个方面实现突破：从冷端叶片到热端叶片叶端定时测量的拓展，从多传感向单传感叶端定时测量的演进，从低频低阶到高频高阶振动监测的延伸，从发动机地面测试向机载应用的跨越，以及从信号处理向叶端定时智能监测的升级，以持续提升航空发动机运行的安全性与可靠性。
- 转子叶片 /
- 叶端定时 /
- 振动测量 /
- 状态监测 /
- 故障诊断
Abstract:
A comprehensive review of aero-engine blade tip timing (BTT) technology was conducted from four perspectives: blade vibration measurement, vibration monitoring, fault diagnosis, and operational condition assessment, and major advancements in key BTT technologies achieved globally in recent years were summarized. Significant progress was made in areas such as blade displacement measurement, vibration parameter identification, crack fault diagnosis, and strain field reconstruction. Looking ahead, future research on BTT is expected to achieve breakthroughs in five key directions: extending its application from fan and low-pressure compressor blades to high- and low-pressure turbine blades; advancing from multi-sensor to single-sensor measurement architectures; expanding monitoring capabilities from low-frequency, low-order modes to high-frequency, high-order modes; transitioning from engine ground testing to in-flight implementation; and evolving from conventional signal processing to intelligent, autonomous BTT-based health monitoring. These advancements could contribute to further enhancing the operational safety and reliability of aero-engines.
- rotor blade /
- blade tip timing /
- vibration measurement /
- condition monitoring /
- fault diagnosis

HTML

图 1 转子叶片叶端定时系统测振原理图^[30]

Figure 1. Vibration measurement principle diagram of rotor blade tip timing system^[30]

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图 2 电涡流传感器应用于转子叶片测试

Figure 2. Eddy current sensors for rotor blade testing

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图 3 电容传感器

Figure 3. Optical fiber sensor

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图 4 光纤传感器

Figure 4. Capacitive sensor

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图 5 微波传感器^[68]

Figure 5. Microwave sensor^[68]

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图 6 叶端定时系统基本原理

Figure 6. Basic principle of blade tip timing system

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图 7 不同压缩感知方法辨识结果与应变片结果比较^[30]

Figure 7. Comparison of identification results of different compressed sensing methods with strain gauge results^[30]

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图 8 在线叶片健康监测方法流程图^[119]

Figure 8. Flowchart of online blade health monitoring method^[119]

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图 9 同步和异步共振信号分量辨识^[121]

Figure 9. Identification of synchronous and asynchronous resonant signal components^[121]

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图 10 裂纹叶片与完好叶片的动频监测结果对比^[90]

Figure 10. Comparison of dynamic frequency monitoring results between cracked and intact blades^[90]

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图 11 达姆施塔特工业大学跨声速压气机转子叶片动态数据采集^[96]

Figure 11. Dynamic data acquisition of transonic compressor rotor blades at Darmstadt University of Technology^[96]

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图 12 转子叶片叶端定时动应变场重构步骤

Figure 12. Steps for reconstructing the timed dynamic strain field at the tip of rotor blades

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图 13 叶片多模态振动应变片测量结果与重构结果比较^[174]

Figure 13. Comparison of strain gauge measurement results and reconstruction results for blade multimodal vibration^[174]

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表 1 叶端定时非接触式传感器特点对照表

Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of non-contact blade tip timing sensors

类型	应用场景	优点	缺点
涡流传感器	汽轮机叶片振动监测	对污染物不敏感；准确度高；适合长期监测	易受磁干扰；易受环境影响；耐高温性能较差
电容传感器	叶尖间隙测量	成本低；能长期监测	温度适中；对污染物敏感；分辨率低
光纤传感器	冷端叶片振动监测	高分辨率；成本适中；对叶片材料无要求	带宽有限；易污染；耐高温性能较差；不适合长期监测
微波传感器	旋转叶片振动、叶尖间隙	高温；抗污染性	制造昂贵；需要调整工作频率；需要校准有限的空间分辨率

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航空发动机叶片叶端定时综述：测量、监测、诊断与评估

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250250

作者简介:
乔百杰（1985-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为航空发动机叶片健康监测。E-mail：qiao1224@xjtu.edu.cn

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陈雪峰（1975-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为复杂机电装备动态特性分析与可靠性测试分析、故障诊断与健康管理等。E-mail：chenxf@xjtu.edu.cn

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Review of aero-engine blade tip timing: measurement, monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation

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航空发动机叶片叶端定时综述：测量、监测、诊断与评估

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250250

作者简介: 乔百杰（1985-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为航空发动机叶片健康监测。E-mail：qiao1224@xjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 陈雪峰（1975-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为复杂机电装备动态特性分析与可靠性测试分析、故障诊断与健康管理等。E-mail：chenxf@xjtu.edu.cn

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Review of aero-engine blade tip timing: measurement, monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation

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作者简介:
乔百杰（1985-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为航空发动机叶片健康监测。E-mail：qiao1224@xjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈雪峰（1975-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为复杂机电装备动态特性分析与可靠性测试分析、故障诊断与健康管理等。E-mail：chenxf@xjtu.edu.cn