Cooling design and wall temperature analysis of swirl-cup combustor head
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摘要:
针对旋流杯燃烧室头部复杂、紧凑结构进行冷却设计，制定了3个冷却设计方案。通过数值仿真计算了不同方案的头部流场、温度场及壁温分布，结果表明火焰筒头部无冷却时近壁面存在角涡，卷吸燃气形成高温驻涡，导致火焰筒头部壁面存在大范围高温，最高壁温
1178 K。燃烧室头部冷却设计方案通过引入内、外整流罩间的冷却气形成气膜保护，同时吹除近壁面角涡，均能在不同程度上降低头部壁温。隔热屏采用多斜孔冷却时受几何尺寸限制，气膜未发展均匀且贴壁性较差，导致冷却效果不佳。通过设计导流环结构可实现紧凑空间分流控制冷却，同时调整流路设计提高冷却气质量流量及流速，在隔热屏及旋流器套筒处形成均匀贴壁气膜，壁温低于870 K。在高温高压条件下通过燃烧室部件试验对优选方案进行验证，结果表明燃烧室头部壁温未超出材料长期允许工作温度，通过头部冷却设计可有效控制壁温。Abstract:For the cooling design for the complex and compact structure of the swirl-cup combustor head, three cooling design schemes were proposed. Numerical simulations were conducted to calculate the flow field, temperature field, and wall temperature distribution for different schemes. The results showed that, without cooling, corner vortices near the wall in the head led to the formation of high-temperature stagnation vortices by drawing in burning gases, causing a wide range of high temperatures on the surface of the flame tube head with a maximum wall temperature of
1178 K. The head cooling designs involved introducing cooling air between the inner and outer fairings to form a protective air film and disperse the near-wall corner vortices, effectively reducing the head wall temperature to varying degrees. The use of inclined multi-hole in the thermal shield was limited by geometrical dimensions, resulting in uneven development and poor adhesion of the air film, and leading to ineffective cooling. By designing a guide ring structure, it is possible to control the diversion of cooling in a compact space and to adjust the flow path design to increase the cooling airflow rate and velocity, forming a uniform air film adhering to the wall at the thermal shield and the swirler housing, with a wall temperature below 870 K. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the optimized scheme was validated through combustor component tests. The results demonstrated that the combustor head wall temperature did not exceed the material's long-term permissible operating temperature, proving that the head cooling design could effectively control the wall temperature.-
Key words:
- combustor /
- swirl-cup /
- cooling design /
- inclined multi-hole /
- film cooling /
- diversion control /
- wall temperature
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图 7 距离燃烧室进口x=260mm处轴向速度
Figure 7. Axial-direction velocity at x=260mm from the inlet of combustor
图 9 基本型燃烧室头部油气比分布
Figure 9. Oil-gas ratio distribution of the basic type head of combustor
图 13 方案1燃烧室头部油气比分布
Figure 13. Oil-gas ratio distribution of the scheme 1 head of combustor
图 17 方案2燃烧室头部油气比分布
Figure 17. Oil-gas ratio distribution of the scheme 2 head of combustor
图 21 方案3燃烧室头部油气比分布
Figure 21. Oil-gas ratio distribution of the scheme 3 head of combustor
表 1 不同冷却方案对比
Table 1. Comparison of different cooling schemes
方案 冷却气量/（kg/s） 最高壁温/K 隔热屏 套筒 隔热屏 套筒 基本型 1178 1132 方案1 0.93 0.77 1020 998 方案2 1.11 0.77 846 975 方案3 1.09 1.29 848 866 
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表 2 计算结果与试验结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of the calculation results and experimental results
K 测点 计算结果 试验结果 差值 1 806.9 793.9 13.0 2 907.5 849.4 58.1 3 930.3 922.1 8.2 4 953.8 922.1 31.7
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