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任务场景驱动的倾转旋翼桨叶气动优化设计方法

邓琳丹,  宋文萍,  许建华,  韩忠华,  何成军

邓琳丹, 宋文萍, 许建华, 等. 任务场景驱动的倾转旋翼桨叶气动优化设计方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2026, 41(11):20250271 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250271
引用本文: 邓琳丹, 宋文萍, 许建华, 等. 任务场景驱动的倾转旋翼桨叶气动优化设计方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2026, 41(11):20250271 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250271
Deng Lindan, Song Wenping, Xu Jianhua, et al. Mission-driven aerodynamic optimization method for tiltrotor blades[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41(11):20250271 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250271
Citation: Deng Lindan, Song Wenping, Xu Jianhua, et al. Mission-driven aerodynamic optimization method for tiltrotor blades[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41(11):20250271 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250271

任务场景驱动的倾转旋翼桨叶气动优化设计方法

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250271
详细信息
    作者简介:

    邓琳丹(2000-),女,博士生,研究方向为螺旋桨气动设计。E-mail:denglindan@nwpu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    许建华(1984-),男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为螺旋桨气动设计。E-mail:xujh@nwpu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V211.3

Mission-driven aerodynamic optimization method for tiltrotor blades

  • 摘要:

    针对倾转旋翼机桨叶在悬停状态和巡航状态下的最优外形存在强矛盾这一难题,在倾转旋翼桨叶的优化设计中综合考虑不同任务场景下的总能耗,发展了任务场景驱动的倾转旋翼桨叶气动优化设计方法,确保飞行性能与效率的全面提升。考虑垂直起飞、巡航、悬停等典型阶段及其工作时长,以整个任务场景所消耗的总能量为目标,将多点多目标问题转化为单目标问题,分别分析了侧重于巡航和悬停任务场景下优化桨叶的外形差距,结果表明:发展的方法可实现倾转旋翼桨叶在多工况下都具有较高的气动性能,优化时间相比多目标优化节省69.67%。

     

  • 图 1  巡航状态ROTNS和QPROP的计算值与试验值[21]对比

    Figure 1.  Comparison of ROTNS and QPROP computational results with experimental data[21] in cruise mode

    图 2  悬停状态QPROP和ROTNS的计算值与试验值[22]对比

    Figure 2.  Comparison of QPROP and ROTNS computational results with experimental data[22] in hover modes

    图 3  考虑桨叶变距的优化流程图

    Figure 3.  Optimization flowchart considering blade pitch variation

    图 4  倾转旋翼桨叶多点多目标优化收敛历程及选取的桨叶外形对应在Pareto前沿的位置

    Figure 4.  Convergence history of multi-point multi-objective optimization for tiltrotor blades and the corresponding positions of selected blade shapes on the Pareto front

    图 5  多点多目标优化桨叶弦长及扭转角分布

    Figure 5.  Chord length and twist distributions of the multi-point multi-objective optimized blades

    图 6  目标函数收敛曲线(任务场景一)

    Figure 6.  Convergence curve of the objective function (mission scenario 1)

    图 7  优化桨叶外形(任务场景一)

    Figure 7.  Optimized blade shape (mission scenario 1)

    图 8  优化桨叶弦长及扭转角分布(任务场景一)

    Figure 8.  Chord length and twist distributions of optimized blades (mission scenario 1)

    图 9  优化桨叶分别在巡航和悬停状态下的压力云图及流线(任务场景一)

    Figure 9.  Pressure contours and streamlines of the optimized blade in cruise and hover modes (mission scenario 1)

    图 10  目标函数收敛曲线(任务场景二)

    Figure 10.  Convergence curve of the objective function(mission scenario 2)

    图 11  优化桨叶外形(任务场景二)

    Figure 11.  Optimized blade shape (mission scenario 2)

    图 12  优化桨叶弦长及扭转角分布(任务场景二)

    Figure 12.  Chord length and twist distributions of optimized blades (mission scenario 2)

    图 13  优化桨叶分别在巡航和悬停状态下的压力云图及流线(任务场景二)

    Figure 13.  Pressure contours and streamlines of the optimized blade in cruise and hover modes (mission scenario 2)

    图 14  悬停状态任务场景驱动与多点多目标优化桨叶在r/R=0.3处的剖面压力云图

    Figure 14.  Pressure contour at r/R=0.3 for mission-driven and multi-point multi-objective optimized blades in hover mode

    表  1  设计变量范围及4种桨叶方案的设计变量取值

    Table  1.   Design variable range and values of design variables for the 4 blade schemes

    设计变量 范围 取值
    上界 下界 Opt-1 Opt-2 Opt-3 Opt-4
    桨根处扭转角/(°) 70.00 30.00 39.00 38.44 36.00 32.21
    桨尖处扭转角/(°) 40.00 0.00 2.36 2.68 3.51 4.54
    扭转角函数极值位置r1/R 2.00 1.00 1.70 1.31 1.46 1.42
    桨根处弦长C1/R 0.25 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13
    桨尖处弦长C2/R 0.15 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11
    最大弦长C3/R 0.25 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13
    最大弦长位置r2/R 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.20
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  优化桨叶在悬停状态下的气动特性(ROTNS)

    Table  2.   Aerodynamic characteristics of optimized rotor blades in hover mode (ROTNS)

    参数 Opt-1 Opt-2 Opt-3 Opt-4
    转速/(r/min) 754 761 743 749
    拉力/N 20623.3 20608.8 20601.5 20604.3
    扭矩/(N·m) 6307.1 6171.3 6255.6 6183.0
    轴功率/kW 498.0 491.3 486.7 484.9
    悬停效率/% 73.92 74.77 75.51 75.80
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  优化桨叶在巡航状态下的气动特性(ROTNS)

    Table  3.   Aerodynamic characteristics of optimized rotor blades in cruise mode (ROTNS)

    参数 Opt-1 Opt-2 Opt-3 Opt-4
    转速/(r/min) 400 400 408 429
    拉力/N 1807.0 1803.0 1806.7 1805.1
    扭矩/(N·m) 4398.2 4428.5 4410.4 4371.4
    轴功率/kW 184.2 186.2 188.4 196.4
    悬停效率/% 87.29 86.08 85.33 81.71
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  任务场景一(以巡航为主)的任务剖面参数

    Table  4.   Mission profile parameters for mission scenario 1 (cruise-focused)

    飞行模式高度/km速度/(m/s)拉力/N工作时间/h
    巡航0.188.918002.80
    垂直起飞00206000.14
    悬停00190000.12
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  由ROTNS评估的优化桨叶在不同飞行模式下的气动特性(任务场景一)

    Table  5.   Aerodynamic characteristics of the optimized blade at different flight modes evaluated by ROTNS(mission scenario 1)

    气动特性 数值
    巡航 垂直起飞 悬停
    桨距角/(°) 42.43 11.43 11.43
    转速/(r/min) 412.2 751.0 723.0
    拉力/N 1800.5 20602.0 19000.3
    扭矩/(N·m) 4242.4 6297.7 5785.9
    轴功率/kW 183.1 495.2 438.1
    效率/% 87.41 74.21 74.30
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  优化桨叶在各任务阶段的轴功率及总能耗(任务场景一)

    Table  6.   Shaft power and total energy consumption of the optimized blade across mission phases(mission scenario 1)

    参数巡航垂直起飞悬停总能耗/(kW·h)
    轴功率/kW183.1495.2438.1
    时间/h2.800.140.12
    能耗/(kW·h)512.769.352.6634.6
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  任务场景二(以悬停为主)的任务剖面参数

    Table  7.   Mission profile parameters for mission scenario 2 (hover-focused)

    飞行模式高度/km速度/(m/s)拉力/N工作时间/h
    巡航0.188.918000.50
    垂直起飞00206000.14
    悬停00190002.42
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  由ROTNS评估的优化桨叶在不同飞行模式下的气动特性(任务场景二)

    Table  8.   Aerodynamic characteristics of the optimized blade at different flight modes evaluated by ROTNS(mission scenario 2)

    气动特性 数值
    巡航 垂直起飞 悬停
    桨距角/(°) 41.84 9.83 9.83
    转速/(r/min) 416.2 753.0 725.0
    拉力/N 1808.4 20603.2 19003.3
    扭矩/(N·m) 4319.3 6203.9 5704.6
    轴功率/kW 188.2 489.2 433.1
    效率/% 85.44 75.13 75.18
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  优化桨叶在各任务阶段的轴功率及总能耗(任务场景二)

    Table  9.   Shaft power and total energy consumption of the optimized blade across mission phases(mission scenario 2)

    参数巡航垂直起飞悬停总能耗/(kW·h)
    轴功率/kW188.2489.2433.1
    时间/h0.500.142.42
    能耗/(kW·h)94.168.51048.11210.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  任务场景驱动与多点多目标优化结果对比

    Table  10.   Comparison of mission-driven and multi-point multi-objective optimization results %

    参数 工况 推进效率 悬停效率
    任务场景驱动
    MS-1
    巡航 87.41
    垂直起飞 74.21
    多目标优化
    Opt-1
    巡航 87.29
    垂直起飞 73.92
    任务场景驱动
    MS-2
    巡航 85.44
    垂直起飞 75.13
    多目标优化
    Opt-4
    巡航 81.71
    垂直起飞 75.80
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-06-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2026-08-28

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