Analysis of thermoacoustic instability characteristics in combustion chambers under variable operating conditions
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摘要:
为了研究变工况下燃烧室的热声不稳定，采用气路模型与声学低阶网络模型结合的方法研究热声模态随工况变化的特征。通过构建整机气路模型和燃烧室低阶网络模型，将气路仿真参数通过对火焰和流场两条路径实时输入低阶网络模型中，分析其对热声模态的影响。结果表明模态对当量比和燃烧室入口温度相对敏感，压力和流量的影响相对较弱。除当量比变化外，通过流场路径对模态的影响相对火焰路径较小。热声研究仍需要统筹考虑流场和火焰参数的实时更新，以分析瑞利准则所述的火焰与声学相互耦合。预测模型通过变工况的燃烧噪声测量试验验证了准确性，为热声问题从燃烧室设计阶段的研究拓展至变工况的预测控制提供了可行路径。
Abstract:To investigate thermoacoustic instability in combustors under variable operating conditions, this study employs an integrated approach combining gas path modeling with acoustic low-order network modeling to characterize thermoacoustic mode variations. A full-engine gas path model and combustor low-order network model were developed, where real-time gas path parameters were input through dual pathways (flame dynamics and flow field perturbations) to assess their modal effects. Results demonstrate significant sensitivity of modes to equivalence ratio and combustor inlet temperature, while pressure and mass flow effects were comparatively weaker. Except for equivalence ratio variations, flow field pathway contributions to modal shifts were less pronounced than flame pathway effects. Comprehensive thermoacoustic analysis requires concurrent consideration of real-time flow field and flame parameter updates to evaluate the flame-acoustic coupling mechanism described by Rayleigh's criterion. The prediction model was validated through combustion noise measurements under off-design conditions, establishing a framework to extend thermoacoustic research from combustor design to predictive instability control in variable operational regimes.
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图 1 气路模型仿真与试验结果对比图
Figure 1. Comparative analysis of gas path model simulation and experimental results
图 7 热声模态随当量比变化图
Figure 7. Variation of thermoacoustic modes with changing equivalence ratio
图 8 热声模态随入口温度变化图
Figure 8. Variation of thermoacoustic modes with changing inlet temperature
图 9 热声模态随燃料混合比变化图
Figure 9. Variation of thermoacoustic modes with changing fuel mixture ratio
图 10 热声模态随入口流量变化图
Figure 10. Variation of thermoacoustic modes with changing inlet mass flow
图 14 工况变化下燃烧噪声与热声预测结果对比
Figure 14. Comparison of combustion noise and thermoacoustic prediction results under varying operating conditions
图 15 燃料配比变化下燃烧噪声与热声预测结果对比
Figure 15. Comparison of combustion noise and thermoacoustic prediction results under varying fuel ratios
表 1 各参数增大对火焰传递函数的影响
Table 1. Effect of increasing each parameter on the flame transfer function
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表 2 基准工况参数
Table 2. Base case parameters
ϕ $ \phi $ Tin/K pin/kPa Gin/kg·s−1 0.368 0.2 757 324 0.64
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表 3 试验工况参数
Table 3. Experimental condition parameters
工况 pin/kPa Tin/K Gin/kg·s−1 $ \phi $ 1 320±3 763±5 0.650±0.08 0～0.2 2 324±1 748±3 0.666±0.03 3 324±1 728±2 0.680±0.05
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