Suppression of shock train oscillation based on upstream wavy wall
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摘要:
为了研究波形壁面对激波串振荡的抑制效果，在来流马赫数为3、高度为32 mm的矩形隔离段内通过定节流和50～250 Hz周期节流产生激波串振荡流动，采用高速纹影和瞬态测压记录平直壁面和幅度为0.25～1 mm正弦波形壁面的流动振荡过程。结果表明，定节流工况出现激波串小范围自激振荡，波形壁面会改变压强信号频谱、降低压强均方差，其中幅度为1 mm波形壁面可减小激波串振荡范围。周期节流工况出现激波串受迫振荡，波形壁面可减小振荡区域的壁面压强均方差。随节流频率增加，幅度为0.25 mm和0.5 mm的正弦波形壁面对振荡范围的影响从增强转为抑制，幅度为1 mm的正弦波形壁面均导致振荡范围增大。针对所用构型，幅度为0.25 mm正弦波形壁面对激波串受迫振荡的抑制效果最优，250 Hz工况振荡范围可减小32.2%。分析表明，波形壁面诱导的干扰波系和尾流涡效应会降低下游流场马赫数与总压恢复系数、在壁面处产生顺压与逆压梯度区域。较小幅度(如0.25 mm)的正弦波形壁面可在流动总压微小降低前提下，通过尾流涡效应和壁面压强梯度变化实现激波串振荡抑制。工程应用时需考虑波形壁面构型参数和激波串振荡参数的匹配。
Abstract:The effects of wavy walls on the suppression of shock train oscillations were investigated in a 32 mm high rectangular isolator under Mach 3 freestream flow. High-speed schlieren imaging and transient pressure measurements were employed to capture the shock train oscillation flow, which was induced with flat wall and sinusoidal wavy wall (with amplitudes from 0.25 mm to 1 mm) through steady throttle and 50 Hz to 250 Hz periodic throttle. For steady throttle flow, the shock train exhibited self-excited oscillation within small range. Wavy walls significantly altered the pressure signal spectrum and reduced the root mean square of wall pressure. 1 mm-wavy wall reduced the oscillation range of the leading-edge-shock. For periodic throttle flow, forced shock train oscillation emerged and wavy walls reduced the root mean square of pressure within the oscillation region. As the throttle frequency increased, the effects of 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm-wavy walls on the oscillation transferred from enhancement to suppression. Meanwhile, the 1 mm-wavy wall consistently led to an increase in the oscillation range. Overall, 0.25 mm-wavy wall exhibited the optimal suppression effects. Specifically, 0.25 mm-wavy wall reduced the oscillation range of 250 Hz condition by 32.2%. The analyses showed that the interference wave system and wake vortex effects induced by the wavy wall reduced the Mach number and total pressure recovery coefficient of the downstream flow, and generated regions of positive and negative pressure gradients on the downstream wall surface. For the present configuration, a small amplitude (0.25 mm) wavy wall can suppress shock train oscillation with a minimal drop of flow total pressure through vortex effects and variations of pressure gradient. It is necessary to consider the parameter matching between the wavy wall configuration and shock train oscillation flow in the practical application.
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Key words:
- scramjet engine /
- isolator /
- shock train oscillation /
- wavy wall /
- oscillation suppression
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图 3 节流分析模型示意图和节流曲线
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the throttling ratio analytical model and throttling ratio characteristic curve
图 4 波形壁面实物图和尺寸图（单位：mm）
Figure 4. Photographs and dimensions of the wavy wall （unit：mm）
图 5 定节流和周期节流工况典型测点的压强信号
Figure 5. Pressure signal of typical measurement points under steady throttle and periodic throttle conditions
图 6 隔离段计算域示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of isolator computational region （unit：mm）
图 8 定节流工况典型时间段压强信号
Figure 8. Pressure signals during typical time intervals under steady throttle conditions
图 9 平直壁面和0.25 mm波形壁面激波串最上游、最下游时刻定节流工况纹影照片与近壁面x-t云图
Figure 9. Schlieren images of straight-wall and 0.25 mm-wavy wall at the time instant of most upstream position, most downstream position under steady throttle conditions, and near wall x-t contours
图 10 定节流工况压强信号FFT结果
Figure 10. FFT results of pressure signals under steady throttle conditions
图 11 定节流工况激波串最上游和最下游时刻的流场纹影图
Figure 11. Schlieren images of the shock train at time instants of the most upstream and downstream locations under steady throttle conditions
图 12 定节流工况上壁面压强时均值和均方差
Figure 12. Time-averaged values and standard deviations of upper wall pressure under steady throttle conditions
图 13 f=100 Hz周期节流工况典型时间段压强信号
Figure 13. Pressure signals of typical time intervals under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
图 14 f=100 Hz周期节流工况平直壁面与0.25 mm波形壁面的典型纹影照片与下壁面x-t云图
Figure 14. Typical schlieren images and x-t contour near lower surface of straight wall and 0.25 mm-wavy wall under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
图 15 f=100 Hz周期节流工况压强信号的FFT结果
Figure 15. FFT results of pressure signals under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
图 16 典型时间段内f=100 Hz周期节流工况的压强信号对比
Figure 16. Comparison of pressure signals during typical time intervals under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
图 17 f=100 Hz周期节流工况上壁面压强时均值和均方差
Figure 17. Time-averaged values and standard deviations of upper wall pressure under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
图 18 f=100 Hz周期节流工况激波串最上游和最下游时刻的流场纹影图
Figure 18. Schlieren images of the shock train at time instants of the most upstream and downstream locations under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
图 19 前缘激波最上游位置、最下游位置和振荡范围
Figure 19. The most upstream location, most downstream location and oscillation range of the leading-edge shock
图 22 50 Hz和250 Hz工况激波串最上游时刻的流场纹影图
Figure 22. Schlieren images as the shock train moves to the most upstream location under 50 Hz and 250 Hz conditions
图 23 周期节流工况激波串前缘激波最上游坐标
Figure 23. The most upstream locations of the shock train under periodic throttle conditions
图 24 展向对称面Q准则云图和流场q=1等值面（Ma染色）
Figure 24. Q-criterion contour of spanwise symmetry plane and isosurface as q=1（colored with Ma）
表 1 主流区来流参数
Table 1. Freestream parameters in the main flow region
参数 数值 马赫数 2.93 压强/Pa 2887 温度/K 110.0 边界层厚度/mm 4.0 位移边界层厚度/mm 1.5 
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表 2 实验工况
Table 2. Experimental conditions
节流 f/Hz Aw/mm Tr 定节流 0 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 0.15 周期节流 50, 100, 200, 250 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 0.15～0.225
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表 3 壁面压强测点的流向坐标
Table 3. Streamwise coordinate of the wall pressure measurement points
测点编号 流向坐标/mm T1/B1 2 T2/B2 112 T3/B3 132 T4/B4 152 T5/B5 172 T6/B6 192 T7/B7 212 T8 386
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表 4 定节流工况不同波形壁面构型的激波串运动范围参数
Table 4. Parameters of shock train motion of various wall configurations under steady throttle conditions
Aw/mm xmin/mm xmax/mm Δx/mm rΔx0/% 0 160.3 184.3 24.0 0 0.25 152.5 180.9 28.4 18.3 0.5 134.9 161.4 26.5 10.4 1 170.4 188.4 18.0 −25.0
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表 5 定节流工况前缘激波区域压强信号主频及幅度
Table 5. Dominant frequency and amplitude of pressure signal in leading-edge shock region under steady throttle conditions
Aw/mm f1/Hz Ap1/p∞ f2/Hz Ap2/p∞ f3/Hz Ap3/p∞ 0 13.99 0.42 23.99 0.36 39.99 0.31 0.25 31.99 0.16 18.99 0.12 46.99 0.12 0.5 44.49 0.13 18.49 0.12 63.99 0.10 1 62.29 0.40 48.99 0.19 16.99 0.14
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表 6 f=100 Hz周期节流工况不同波形壁构型的激波串运动范围参数
Table 6. Parameters of shock train motion of various wall configurations under f=100 Hz periodic throttle conditions
Aw/mm xmin/mm xmax/mm Δx/mm rΔx0/% 0 109.23 163.50 54.27 0 0.25 117.01 168.49 51.48 -5.14 0.5 95.87 151.10 55.23 1.77 1 73.59 135.89 62.30 14.80
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表 7 周期节流工况激波串的振荡范围百分比变化率
Table 7. The oscillation range percentage variations of the shock train under periodic throttle conditions %
Aw/mm rΔx0 50 Hz 100 Hz 200 Hz 250 Hz 0.25 6.75 −5.14 −7.66 −32.19 0.5 9.24 1.77 −14.32 −27.71 1 24.41 14.80 58.49 44.93
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