Research progress on dual-winding induction generator systems for aircraft multi-power supply system
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摘要:
针对航空电气化快速发展对航空电源供电体制多样化的迫切需求，综述了双绕组感应发电机（DWIG）系统的研究现状与应用前景。首先，梳理了航空供电体制的演进历程，分析了发展多供电体制的必要性，并阐述了 DWIG系统在多供电体制航空电源中应用的技术优势。其次，总结了DWIG系统的研究进展，重点介绍了其典型系统拓扑、先进控制策略及参数设计方法等关键技术。在此基础上，进一步探讨了DWIG系统的应用前景，针对航空电气化发展需求，提出了3种具有代表性的基于DWIG发电系统的交直流（AC/DC）混合供电应用场景：航空双轴多电发动机系统、大型飞机直接式供电系统与分布式电推进飞机推进系统，以期为我国航空供电系统的创新发展提供理论与技术支撑。
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关键词:
- 航空电气化 /
- 航空电源 /
- 交直流（AC/DC）混合供电 /
- 多供电体制 /
- 双绕组感应发电机
Abstract:In response to the urgent demand for diversified aircraft power supply systems driven by the rapid development of aviation electrification, the research status and application prospects of dual-winding induction generator (DWIG) systems were reviewed. First, the evolution of aircraft power supply systems was outlined, the necessity of developing multi-power supply system was analyzed, and the technical advantages of DWIG systems in such applications were elaborated. Subsequently, recent research progress on DWIG systems was summarized, with a focus on key technologies such as typical system topologies, advanced control strategies, and parameter design methods. Furthermore, the application prospects of DWIG systems were explored. In line with the demands of aviation electrification, three representative application scenarios of DWIG-based hybrid alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) power supply systems were proposed: dual-spool more-electric engine systems, direct power supply systems for large aircraft, and distributed electric propulsion aircraft systems. This study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the innovative development of aircraft power supply systems in China.
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图 11 双绕组感应发电机隔槽奇数槽短距绕组分布图
Figure 11. Winding configuration diagram of DWIG with segregated odd-numbered slots and short-pitched coils
图 13 双绕组感应发电机的直接功率控制策略框图
Figure 13. Block diagram of direct power control strategy for DWIG
图 14 双绕组感应发电机的瞬时转差频率控制策略框图
Figure 14. Block diagram of instantaneous slip frequency control strategy for DWIG
图 15 双绕组感应发电机的磁场定向控制策略框图
Figure 15. Block diagram of field-oriented control strategy for DWIG
图 16 双绕组感应发电机的自抗扰控制策略框图
Figure 16. Block diagram of active disturbance rejection control strategy for DWIG
图 17 双绕组感应发电机的起动/发电控制框图
Figure 17. Block diagram of starter/generator control for DWIG
图 18 基于三相辅助励磁/十二相整流双绕组感应发电机的直流供电系统
Figure 18. DWIG-based DC power supply system with three-phase auxiliary excitation/twelve-phase rectification
图 20 双绕组感应发电机低速运行的实验波形
Figure 20. Experimental waveforms of DWIG under low-speed operation
图 21 双绕组感应发电机高速运行的实验波形
Figure 21. Experimental waveforms of DWIG under high-speed operation
图 22 基于五相双绕组感应发电机的直流供电系统
Figure 22. DC power supply system based on five phase dual-winding induction generator
图 23 五相双绕组感应发电机直流供电系统实验平台
Figure 23. Experimental platform for five phase dual-winding induction generator DC power supply system
图 24 两种控制方法动态性能比较
Figure 24. Comparison of dynamic performance between two control methods
图 26 基于双绕组感应发电机的航空变频交流供电系统
Figure 26. Aircraft variable frequency AC power supply system based on DWIG
图 27 双绕组感应发电机交流供电系统实验平台
Figure 27. Experimental platform for AC power supply system of DWIG
图 28 线性自抗扰控制器稳定性测试实验结果
Figure 28. Stability test results of linear active disturbance rejection control
图 29 双绕组感应发电机带三相不平衡负载实验结果
Figure 29. Experimental results of DWIG under three-phase unbalanced load
图 31 两种不同电流控制策略实验结果对比
Figure 31. Comparison of experimental results of two different current control strategies
图 32 双绕组感应发电机交直流供电系统实验平台
Figure 32. Experimental platform for DWIG AC/DC power supply system
图 33 两种不同电压控制策略实验结果对比
Figure 33. Comparison of experimental results of two different voltage control strategies
图 34 双绕组感应发电机交直流供电系统稳态实验结果
Figure 34. Steady-state experimental results of DWIG AC/DC power supply system
图 35 双绕组感应发电机交直流供电系统动态实验结果
Figure 35. Dynamic experimental results of DWIG AC/DC power supply system
图 37 五相双绕组感应发电机起动/发电系统实验平台
Figure 37. Experimental platform for five phase dual-winding induction generator starter/generator system
图 38 五相双绕组感应发电机起动/发电系统实验波形
Figure 38. Experimental waveforms of five phase dual-winding induction generator starter/generator system
图 39 双轴燃气涡轮发动机及发电机位置
Figure 39. Position of the dual-spool gas turbine engine and generator
图 40 基于双绕组感应发电机的航空双轴多电发动机交直流混合供电方案示意图
Figure 40. Schematic diagram of hybrid AC/DC power supply scheme for aircraft dual-spool engine based on DWIG
图 42 基于双绕组感应发电机的大型飞机交直流混合直接式供电方案示意图
Figure 42. Schematic diagram of a DWIG-based direct hybrid AC/DC power supply scheme for large aircraft
图 43 现有几种分布式电推进飞机电力系统架构对比
Figure 43. Comparison of DEP aircraft power supply system architectures
图 44 基于双绕组感应发电机的分布式电推进飞机交直流混合供电方案示意图
Figure 44. Schematic diagram of hybrid AC/DC power supply scheme for DEP aircraft based on DWIG
表 1 不同供电体制的特点及优势
Table 1. Characteristics and advantages of different power supply systems
供电体制 特点 优势 直流供电体制 直流电源作为核心供电方式，将交流电经整流变换后
输出直流电能1） 结构简单，可靠性高；
2） 电压稳定，电磁兼容性好交流供电体制 通过变压器进行电压等级变换，再结合整流稳压环节
实现不同电压等级的电能供给1） 适用于大功率负载，传输效率高；
2） 电压变换便捷，灭弧容易交直流混合供电体制 配备多种变换和控制设备，能够同时满足对交流和
直流电源的需求1） 兼具交直流供电优势，灵活性高；
2） 能够满足多种机载设备的需求
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表 2 双绕组感应发电机系统控制方法总结
Table 2. Summary of control methods for DWIG
控制方法 控制原理 特点 直接功率控制 利用电压偏差计算功率参考值，通过滞环比较和开关表选择电压矢量 结构简单，易于实现 瞬时转差频率控制 通过电压偏差调节励磁电压幅值，利用转差率和负载前馈计算定子频率 动态响应快，输出电能质量高 磁场定向控制 通过定向控制实现解耦调节，定向方式分为CWVOC、CWFOC和RFOC 控制精度高，转速范围大 自抗扰控制 通过扩张状态观测器实时监测电压及扰动分量，设计误差
反馈控制器协同调控抗扰性强、动态与稳态性能平衡
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