Evolution of deposition morphology and its influence on heat transfer of the target surface subject to micro-particles entrained by hole matrix jets
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摘要:
为探究航空发动机涡轮导向叶片内部颗粒沉积动力学特性及沉积形貌对传热特性的影响，针对压力面为单层气膜孔壁、吸力面为冲击-气膜孔溢流组合冷却结构进行数值仿真。叶栅主流入口总压为3.09 MPa，出口静压为1.52 MPa，主流入口总温为
1800 K，冷气入口温度为800 K，压力范围设定3.11～3.58 MPa。基于修正后的临界速度沉积模型，采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法预测颗粒在叶片内部迁移轨迹。结合动网格技术动态重构了沉积界面，定量分析了不同沉积阶段靶面沉积形貌特征及对应位置传热系数变化规律。研究表明：沉积层的形成是一个动态演化过程且呈现阶段性变化规律。随着吞砂量的持续增加，丘顶处的传热系数呈现局部最大值，较沉积前最大增幅达97.1%；部分相邻沉积丘之间“鞍部”位置传热系数呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势，较沉积前传热系数最大降幅达55.6%，当“鞍部”逐渐被新沉积的颗粒物填平时，该位置传热系数逐渐增大，但仍小于沉积前该位置的传热系数。Abstract:In order to explore the dynamic characteristics of particle deposition in the turbine guide vane of aero-engine and the influence of deposition morphology on heat transfer characteristics, numerical simulation was carried out for the combined cooling structure of single-layer film hole wall on the pressure surface and impingement-film hole overflow on the suction surface. The total pressure of the mainstream inlet of the cascade was 3.09 MPa, the static pressure of the outlet was 1.52 MPa, and the total temperature of the mainstream inlet was
1800 K. The inlet temperature of the cooling air was 800 K, and the pressure range was set to 3.11 to 3.58 MPa. Based on the modified critical velocity deposition model, the Euler-Lagrangian method was used to predict the particle migration trajectory inside the blade. The deposition interface was dynamically reconstructed by dynamic mesh technology, and the deposition morphology characteristics of the target surface at different deposition stages and the change law of the heat transfer coefficient at the corresponding position were quantitatively analyzed. The research showed that the formation of the sedimentary layer exhibited a dynamic evolution process and presented a phased change rule. With the continuous increase of the amount of sand swallowed, the heat transfer coefficient at the top of the mound showed a local maximum, which was 97.1% higher than that before deposition. The heat transfer coefficient at the ‘saddle’ position between some adjacent sedimentary mounds showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The maximum decrease of heat transfer coefficient was 55.6% compared with that before deposition. When the ‘saddle’ was gradually filled with newly deposited particles, the heat transfer coefficient at this position gradually increased, but was still smaller than the heat transfer coefficient at this position before deposition. -
图 1 光滑理想球体与粗糙球形颗粒接触点局部曲率半径
Figure 1. Local curvature radius of contact point between smooth ideal sphere and rough spherical particles
图 3 复合材料中各组分体积分数的加权和
Figure 3. Weighted sum of the volume fraction of each component in the composite material
图 5 冷气在叶片前、后腔吸力面的流动轨迹
Figure 5. Flow trajectory of cooling air on the suction surface of the front and rear cavities of the blade
图 10 冷却单元携带颗粒的冷气流运动轨迹
Figure 10. Cooling flow trajectory of the particles carried by the cooling unit
图 13 不同冲击雷诺数下靶面切应力分布
Figure 13. Shear stress distribution of target surface with different impact Reynolds numbers
图 14 前、后腔靶面颗粒沉积率密度云图（Re=3×104）
Figure 14. Front and rear cavity target surface particle deposition rate density cloud diagram （Re=3×104）
图 15 靶面颗粒数量（质量）碰撞率、黏附率及沉积率随Re的变化
Figure 15. Number （mass） deposition, adhesion and collision rate of target surface change with Re
图 17 靶面切应力分布及冲击射流矩阵A3,5所对应冷却单元位置（Re=3×104）
Figure 17. Target surface shear stress distribution and impingement jet matrix A3,5 corresponding to the cooling unit position （Re=3×104）
图 20 冲击射流矩阵$ {{{\boldsymbol{A}}}}_{\text{3,5}} $对应靶面局部传热系数云图
Figure 20. Impact jet matrix $ {{{\boldsymbol{A}}}}_{\text{3,5}} $ corresponding to the target surface local heat transfer coefficient cloud map
图 21 不同沉积阶段截面位置处传热系数的变化
Figure 21. Change of heat transfer coefficient at the cross section in different deposition stages
表 1 黏附过程及剥离过程中颗粒行为判定条件
Table 1. Judgment conditions of particle behavior in adhesion process and stripping process
过程 条件 颗粒行为 黏附过程 $ {{V}}_{\text{p,n}}<{u}_{\text{cr}}^{\text{*}} $ 颗粒黏附 $ {{V}}_{\text{p,n}}>u_{\text{cr}}^{\text{*}} $ 颗粒反弹 剥离过程 $ {{u}}_{\text{f}}>u_{\text{τc}}^{\text{*}} $ 颗粒剥离壁面 $ {{u}}_{\text{f}}<{u}_{\text{τc}}^{\text{*}} $ 颗粒沉积 
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表 2 矩阵孔轴向截距比与展向截距比
Table 2. Axial intercept ratio and spanwise intercept ratio of each matrix holes
冲击射流阵列 S/L P/L $ {{A}}_{{i,j}} $ 4.2 4.2 $ {{B}}_{{i,j}} $ 5.2 P1/L=1.8 P2/L=3.2 $ {{C}}_{{i,j}} $ 5.6 5.0 $ {{D}}_{{i,j}} $ 2.4 5.0
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表 3 颗粒相关参数
Table 3. Particle related parameters
参数 数值 颗粒密度/（kg/m3） 1 980 颗粒比热容/（J/（kg·K）） 984 颗粒导热系数/（W/（m·K）） 0.5 颗粒粒径范围/μm [0.2, 10.0] 颗粒磨圆度 0.7
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表 4 不同冲击雷诺数下颗粒群斯托克斯数数值范围
Table 4. Numerical range of Stokes number of particle group under different impact Reynolds number
Re V/（m/s） St Stave 9700 34.0 [5.05×10−3, 12.64] 3.16 17000 59.5 [8.84×10−3, 22.11] 5.53 30000 105.0 [1.56×10−2, 39.02] 9.76 43000 150.5 [2.23×10−2, 55.74] 13.99 52000 182.1 [2.71×10−2, 67.67] 16.92
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