Simulation and experimental study on radial temperature distribution control technology based on flame tube cooling holes
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摘要:
为有效降低燃烧室出口叶尖温度进而保障发动机涡轮叶片叶冠断裂故障的顺利解决，对燃烧室开展了基于火焰筒冷却孔的径向温度分布控制仿真及试验研究。通过流场与流量分配分析，提出外环第8排冷却孔几何面积增加65.3%的控制方案。数值仿真表明：控制方案使该孔流量占比提升60.63%，其余进气结构流量占比相应减少2.95%～3.45%，出口叶尖温度显著降低56 K。部件与整机试验进一步验证了方案的有效性。部件试验显示，控制方案叶尖温度较原型降低51 K，出口温度径向分布呈现叶尖与叶根温度较低、约2/3叶高处达峰值的特征，出口温度分布系数（OTDF）、径向温度分布系数（RTDF）均满足设计要求，且未对燃烧室其他关键性能产生不利影响，将有利于涡轮叶片可靠性。仿真与部件试验的温度分布趋势一致性较好，为燃烧室出口温度场的精准控制提供了一种有效技术路径。
Abstract:In order to effectively reduce the tip temperature at the combustion chamber outlet and ensure smooth resolution of the turbine blade tip crown fracture failure, a simulation and experimental study on the radial temperature distribution control based on the cooling holes of the flame tube was conducted for the combustion chamber. Through analysis of the flow field and flow distribution, a control scheme was proposed to increase the geometric area of the 8th row of cooling holes in the outer ring by 65.3%. The numerical simulation results showed that this scheme increased the proportion of hole flow by 60.63%, while the proportion of flow in other intake structures decreased by 2.95% to 3.45% accordingly, and the temperature at the outlet blade tip was significantly reduced by 56 K. Component tests and complete machine tests further verified the effectiveness of the scheme. Component tests showed that the tip temperature of the control scheme was 51 K lower than that of the prototype, and the radial distribution of the outlet temperature presented the characteristics of lower temperatures at the tip and root, with the peak at about 2/3 of the blade height. Both outlet temperature distribution factor（OTDF） and radial temperature distribution factor（RTDF） met the design requirements, and the scheme did not have adverse effect on other key performances of the combustion chamber, which was beneficial to the reliability of the turbine blade. The temperature distribution trends of the simulation and component tests were consistent, providing an effective technical path for the precise control of the combustion chamber outlet temperature field.
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图 2 原型燃烧室出口温度场径向分布试验数据
Figure 2. Experimental data on the radial distribution of temperature field at the outlet of the prototype combustor
图 4 原型燃烧室出口温度场径向分布试验与仿真数据
Figure 4. Experimental and simulation data on the radial distribution of temperature field at the outlet of the prototype combustor
图 5 原型、控制方案过涡流器中心截面温度场分布仿真数据
Figure 5. Simulation data of temperature field distribution on the cross-section passing through the center of the swirl cup for the prototype and control scheme
图 6 原型、控制方案燃烧室出口温度场分布仿真数据
Figure 6. Simulation data of temperature field distribution at the combustor outlet for the prototype and control scheme
图 7 原型、控制方案燃烧室出口温度场径向分布仿真数据
Figure 7. Simulation data of radial temperature distribution at the combustor outlet for the prototype and control scheme
图 10 旋转测温装置总温、总压感头分布
Figure 10. Distribution of total temperature and total pressure feeling heads of rotary measuring device
图 11 原型、控制方案燃烧室出口温度场分布试验数据
Figure 11. Experimental data of temperature field distribution at the combustor outlet for the prototype and control scheme
图 12 原型、控制方案燃烧室出口温度径向分布试验与仿真数据
Figure 12. Experimental and simulation data of radial temperature distribution at the combustor outlet for the prototype and control scheme
图 13 热电偶测温耙安装及测温环面示意图
Figure 13. Installation of thermocouple temperature measuring rake and schematic diagram of temperature measuring ring surface
图 14 涡轮支撑通道测量截面整机试验84点温度场分布试验数据
Figure 14. Experimental data of 84-point temperature field distribution at the turbine support duct measurement section from full-annulus rig tests
图 15 涡轮后环面平均与场平均温差分布试验数据
Figure 15. Experimental data of temperature difference distribution between annular average and field average at the turbine rear section
表 1 测量设备及精度
Table 1. Measure of equipment and precision
测量项目及参数 测量设备 设备精度 试验要求精度/% 试验数据采集 数据采集系统 ±0.1%FS 无 燃烧室进口静压、进出口总压 压力扫描阀 ±0.05%FS ±0.5 大气压力 PTB110传感器 ±0.05%FS ±0.5 燃烧室进口总温 K型热电偶 ±0.4%
|T−273.15|±1 燃烧室出口总温 B型热电偶 ±0.25%
|T−273.15|±2 燃烧室进口空气流量 标准喷嘴 ±1.5% ±1.5 喷嘴燃油流量 质量流量计 ±0.2%FS ±0.5 
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