Study of effect of insert-plate inlet distortion on performance and stability of counter-rotating fans
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摘要:
为了探究总压进气畸变对对转风扇性能及稳定性的影响，针对均匀来流以及插板后总压畸变来流条件下的两级对转升力风扇的气动性能和流场特征进行了数值仿真，采用了定常与非定常计算结合的方式，对比分析并探究了总压畸变来流下该对转风扇的失稳机制。结果表明：畸变来流条件下风扇内部流动具备更强的非定常性，导致定常和非定常计算得到的特性线存在流量上的偏移和变化，因此畸变来流条件下的风扇失稳工况应当以非定常计算得到的结果为准。相较于均匀来流条件，畸变来流使得风扇的失速边界流量由175.82 kg/s下降至162.69 kg/s，降低7.47%，失速裕度下降9.07%。对转风扇能够稳定工作的工况范围大幅减小，同时对失速扰动的抑制能力有所下降。在失稳发生前，插板后总压畸变在向下游传播过程中，畸变区在周向的影响范围基本不发生变化。与均匀来流条件一致，插板后总压畸变来流下的风扇失稳将首先发生在第2级转子R2的叶尖区域，并在堵塞R2通道后向上游传播并影响第1级转子R1的叶尖区域，形成全局失稳。
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of total pressure inlet distortion on the performance and stability of a counter-rotating fan, numerical simulations were conducted on the aerodynamic performance and flow field characteristics of a two-stage counter-rotating lift fan under both uniform inflow and total pressure distorted inflow conditions behind a baffle. By combining steady and unsteady calculations, a comparative analysis was performed to explore the Instability mechanism of the counter-rotating fan under total pressure distorted inflow. The results indicate that under distorted inflow conditions, the internal flow of the fan exhibits stronger unsteadiness, leading to a flow rate shift and variation in the characteristic curves obtained from steady and unsteady calculations. Therefore, the stall condition of the fan under distorted inflow should be determined based on the results from unsteady calculations. Compared with uniform inflow conditions, the distorted inflow lowers the stall boundary mass flow rate from 175.82 kg/s to 162.69 kg/s, a reduction of 7.47%, and decreases the stall margin by 9.07%. The operational range within which the counter-rotating fan can stably operate is significantly reduced, and its ability to suppress stall disturbances has decreased. Before the onset of instability, as the total pressure distortion behind the baffle propagates downstream the circumferential extent of the distorted region remains largely unchanged. Consistent with uniform inflow conditions, the instability of the fan under total pressure distorted inflow behind the baffle first occurs in the tip region of the second-stage rotor R2. After blocking the R2 passage, it propagates upstream and affects the tip region of the first-stage rotor R1, leading to global instability.
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图 3 均匀来流定常计算得到的峰值效率点和近失速工况点在特性线上的位置
Figure 3. Peak efficiency point and the near-stall condition point obtained through uniform incoming flow steady-state calculation are located on the characteristic line
图 4 均匀来流定常计算得到的峰值效率点和近失速工况点在98%叶高处静熵分布
Figure 4. Peak efficiency point and the near-stall condition point obtained through uniform incoming flow steady-state calculation are located at the static entropy distribution at the 98% blade height
图 5 均匀来流定常计算得到的峰值效率点和近失速工况点在98%叶高处压力系数分布
Figure 5. Peak efficiency point and the near-stall condition point obtained through uniform incoming flow steady-state calculation are located at the pressure coefficient distribution at the 98% blade height
图 6 均匀来流定常计算得到的峰值效率点和近失速工况点在98%叶高处相对马赫数分布
Figure 6. Peak efficiency point and the near-stall condition point obtained through uniform incoming flow steady-state calculation are distributed in terms of relative Mach number at the 98% blade height
图 7 均匀来流非定常计算得到的失稳工况点在特性线上的位置
Figure 7. Position of the instability point on the characteristic line obtained by the unsteady calculation of uniform incoming flow
图 8 近失速工况下轴向速度在子午面的分布规律
Figure 8. Distribution pattern of axial velocity in the meridian plane under near-stall condition
图 9 失稳工况（R=440 mm）下98%叶高的瞬时流场
Figure 9. Instantaneous flow field at 98% blade height under unsteady condition （R=440 mm）
图 11 畸变来流下对转风扇定常和非定常计算的特性线
Figure 11. Characteristic lines for steady and unsteady calculation of a rotating fan under distortionary flow
图 12 均匀来流与畸变来流下对转风扇定常和非定常计算的特性线
Figure 12. Characteristic lines for steady and unsteady calculation of rotating fan with uniform and distorted flow
图 13 风扇计算域内不同轴向位置的示意图
Figure 13. Schematic representation of different axial positions in the computational domain of the fan
图 14 畸变来流下对转风扇不同轴向位置瞬时总压分布
Figure 14. Instantaneous total pressure distribution at different axial positions of the counter-rotating fan under an distorted incoming flow
图 15 畸变来流下不同工况对转风扇不同叶高的瞬时静熵云图
Figure 15. Instantaneous static entropy distribution of rotating fan with different blade heights for different operating conditions under distorted incoming flow
表 1 两级对转风扇部分设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of the two-stage counter-rotating fan
参数 IGV R1 S1 R2 S2 叶片数 33 17 41 26 71 设计转速/（r/min） 7302 7302 叶尖线速度/（m/s） 420.24 420.24 叶尖间隙/mm 0.5 0.5 轮毂比 0.27 0.38 0.49 0.56 0.62 
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表 2 均匀来流定常计算PE和NS工况特性结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of steady-state calculation results of PE and NS conditions under uniform incoming flow
工况 流量/（kg/s） 无量纲流量 压比 效率 PE 181.902 0.998940 2.273315 0.894749 NS 180.691 0.992290 2.357713 0.885063
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表 3 均匀来流定常/非定常计算NS工况特性结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of characteristic results of uniform incoming flow for steady and unsteady NS conditions
计算结果 流量/ （kg/s） 无量纲流量 压比 效率 非定常 175.817 0.967023 2.275271 0.854323 定常 180.691 0.992290 2.357713 0.885063
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表 4 定常计算插板总压畸变来流下风扇特性
Table 4. Fan characteristics under incoming flow with total pressure distortion of the insert plate in steady calculation
R/mm 流量/（kg/s） 压比 效率 486 157.73 1.705 0.742 485 157.93 1.719 0.751 484 157.71 1.727 0.753 483 157.65 1.737 0.761 482 157.68 1.750 0.765 481 157.66 1.762 0.770
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