Analysis of circumferential equidistant rubbing fault between engine rotor and case
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摘要:
针对发动机研制中出现的转子与壳体周向等间距碰摩故障，介绍了圆柱壳体振动的基本理论，剖析了转子与圆柱壳体周向等间距碰摩的形式和原因，揭示了转子与圆柱壳体周向等间距碰摩的机理，提出了转子与圆柱壳体周向等间距碰摩的条件，建立了周向等间距碰摩的通用识别方法，利用发动机中的转子与密封座周向等间距碰摩故障实例对识别方法进行了验证。研究表明：转子与圆柱壳体的周向等间距碰摩通常为两种独立激励源所激励的两种振动相互作用的结果；流体会激起圆柱壳体的节径型共振，转子振动频率和幅值满足一定条件时，转子与圆柱壳体会发生周向等间距碰摩，碰摩的点数取决于壳体振动的节径数以及转子转速与壳体对应节径共振频率的比值。发动机转子与密封座周向等间距碰摩的故障实例证明了周向等间距碰摩通用识别方法是可行、有效的，可为碰摩故障诊断和壳体动力学设计提供指导。
Abstract:Aiming at the circumferential equidistant rubbing fault between the rotor and the case in the development process of the engine, the basic theory of the vibration of the cylindrical case was introduced. The form and reason for circumferential equidistant rubbing between the rotor Sand the cylindrical case were analyzed. The mechanism of the circumferential equidistant rubbing between the rotor and the cylindrical case was revealed. The conditions of circumferential equidistant rubbing between the rotor and cylindrical case were proposed. A general identification method for circumferential equidistant rubbing is established. The identification method was illustrated using an example of a circumferential equidistant rubbing fault between the rotor and the seal seat in the engine. The research has shown that the circumferential equidistant rubbing between the rotor and the cylindrical case is usually the result of two vibration interactions excited by two independent excitation sources. The fluid will excite the pitch diameter travelling wave resonance of the cylindrical case. When the pitch diameter travelling wave resonance and the rotor vibration satisfy some conditions, the circumferential equidistant rubbing will occur. The number of rubbing points depends on the pitch diameter number and the ratio of the rotor speed to the pitch diameter resonance frequency of the cylindrical case. The example of a circumferential equidistant rubbing fault between the rotor and seal seat in the real aero-engine proves the effectiveness of the general identification method for circumferential equidistant rubbing. The general identification method can guide rubbing fault diagnosis and case dynamics design.
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图 5 转子振动与壳体行波共振耦合过程
Figure 5. Rotor vibration and case traveling wave resonance coupling process
图 6 $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{2}=1 $时的碰摩过程
Figure 6. Rubbing process when $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{2}=1 $
图 7 $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{2}=1/2 $时的碰摩过程
Figure 7. Rubbing process when $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{2}=1/2 $
图 8 转子与3节径行波共振圆柱壳体接触
Figure 8. Rubbing between rotor and 3 pitch diameter traveling wave resonance case
图 9 转子与3节径行波共振壳体初次碰摩
Figure 9. The first rubbing between rotor and 3 pitch diameter traveling wave resonance case
图 10 m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=\text{1} $计算结果
Figure 10. Calculation results when m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=\text{1} $
图 11 m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=1/3 $计算结果
Figure 11. Calculation results when m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=1/3 $
图 12 m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=1/2 $计算结果
Figure 12. Calculation results when m=2, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=1/2 $
图 16 m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=\text{2}/9 $计算结果
Figure 16. Calculation results when m=3, $ \varOmega /{\omega }_{m}=\text{2}/9 $
表 1 密封座节径振型对应的自振频率
Table 1. Natural vibration frequency corresponding to the pitch diameter vibration mode of the seal seat
节径数/m 自振频率/Hz 1 4746 2 2 041 3 1656 
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