Improved design for bird impact resistance of shouldered aero-engine fan blades
-
摘要:
为提高航空发动机带凸肩风扇叶片的抗鸟撞能力，开展带凸肩风扇叶片的改进设计方法研究。通过开展旋转状态下风扇叶片鸟撞仿真与试验对比，验证了鸟撞仿真方法的精度。通过开展不同位置鸟撞损伤研究和叶片抗鸟撞能力对不同结构参数的敏感性研究，明确了叶片抗鸟撞能力的薄弱部位和影响叶片抗鸟撞能力的关键结构参数，并提出叶片改进方案。结果表明：带凸肩风扇叶片抗鸟撞能力的薄弱部位为57%～88%叶高范围的叶片前缘；影响叶片抗鸟撞能力的关键结构参数为叶片前缘小圆厚度和前缘叶型厚度，通过增加该结构参数的厚度可以有效提高叶片的抗鸟撞能力；建立的抗鸟撞能力改进设计方案可应用于工程设计。
Abstract:To improve the bird impact resistance of shouldered aero-engine fan blades, a new design method is investigated. The bird strike on fan-blades simulation in the rotating state was verified with a comparison to the experiment. By studying bird-impact induced failures at different locations and the sensitivity of structural parameters, the risk locations and the key structural parameters affecting the bird impact resistance were identified. An new design was proposed. The results show that the 57% to 83% blade height on the leading edge is the weak location range of bird impacts on the shouldered fan blades; the thickness of the leading edge fillet and the thickness of the leading edge profile are the key structural parameters that affect the bird impact resistance of blades. Increasing the two parameters can effectively improve the bird impact resistance of the blade. The bird impact resistance improvement design scheme can be applied to engineering design.
-
Key words:
- fan blade /
- improved design /
- rotating state /
- bird impact /
- simulation analysis
-
图 6 叶片抗鸟撞改进设计流程图
Figure 6. Flowchart of the improved design for blades to resist bird strikes
图 7 原型叶片损伤模式随叶高变化
Figure 7. Blade damage mode varies with blade height with original design
图 12 最大凹陷深度随叶型厚度变化
Figure 12. Maximum depression depth varies with the thickness of the blade profile
图 13 撞击71%叶高前缘损伤（塑性应变）
Figure 13. damage upon impact at 71% blade height （plastic strain）
图 14 撞击83%叶高前缘损伤（塑性应变）
Figure 14. damage upon impact at 83% blade height （plastic strain）
图 17 改进叶片损伤随叶高变化
Figure 17. Blade damage varies with blade height with improved design
表 1 叶片抗鸟撞典型结构参数
Table 1. Typical structural parameters for bird impact resistance
结构参数 符号 前缘小圆厚度 h 前缘叶型厚度 H 凸肩轴向位置 L 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 鸟撞试验矩阵
Table 2. Bird impact test matrix
试验件 转速/
（m/s）鸟体速度/
（m/s）鸟体质量/
g相对
叶高/%1# 原型叶片 5000 90 1000 71 2# 改进叶片 5000 90 1000 71
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 鸟体模型材料参数
Table 3. Bird body model material parameters
参数 数值 模量K/MPa 130 无量纲指数γ 7.85 初始压力p0/MPa 0 初始密度ρ0/（g/cm3） 0.95
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 叶片材料J-C本构模型参数
Table 4. J-C constitutive model parameters of blade material
参数 数值 初始屈服应力A/MPa 915 硬化常数B/MPa 236.2 硬化指数n 0.55 应变率常数C 0.033 热软化指数m 1.14
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 叶片材料J-C失效模型参数
Table 5. J-C failure model parameters of blade material
参数 数值 准静态失效参数D1 0.112 准静态失效参数D2 0.27 准静态失效参数D3 0.48 应变率强化参数D4 0.014 热软化参数D5 2.01
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 叶片损伤评价指标
Table 6. Evaluation indicators for blade damage
评价指标 评价类型 损伤 损伤模式 定性 凹陷、裂纹、掉块 凹陷深度 定量 裂纹长度 定量
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 原型叶片试验和仿真损伤对比
Table 7. Comparison of original blade test and simulated damage
评价指标 试验结果 仿真结果 误差/% 损伤类型 凹陷、裂纹 凹陷、裂纹 凹陷深度/mm 48.3 51.1 5.8 裂纹长度/mm 46.5 49.3 6.0
下载: 导出CSV
表 8 用作敏感性分析的结构参数值
Table 8. Structural parameters
结构参数 数值 前缘小圆厚度h/mm 1 0.65 2 0.86 3 1.10 叶型厚度H/mm 4 2.61 5 3.40 6 4.26 凸肩轴向位置L/mm 7 50 8 55 9 60
下载: 导出CSV
表 9 叶型厚度参数
Table 9. Blade profile thickness parameters
序号 叶型厚度h/mm 71%叶高 83%叶高 1 4.24 4.76 2 5.61 5.50 3 5.72 6.17 4 6.03 6.32 5 6.11 6.94 6 6.74 7.26 7 7.20 7.48
下载: 导出CSV
表 10 改进叶片试验和仿真损伤对比
Table 10. Comparison between improved blade experimental damage and simulated damage
评价指标 试验结果 仿真结果 误差/% 损伤类型 凹陷 凹陷 凹陷深度/mm 26.9 28.9 7.4 裂纹长度/mm
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Dolbeer R A, Begier M J, Miller P R, et al. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States (1990-2024) [R]. Washington, DC: Federal Aviation Administration National Wildlife Strike Database, Serial Report No. 31. June 2025. [2] Hou Naidan, Li Yulong, Liu Jun. Numerical simulation of bird impact on hollow blades of titanium fan assembly[J]. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2019, 32(4): 04019044. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0001024 [3] National Transportation Safety Board. Aircraft accident report: Boeing 767-300 bird ingestion accident, Chicago Airport, March15, 2007[R]. Washington DC: National Transportation Safety Board, 2008. [4] Thorpe J. Update on fatalities and destroyed civil aircraft due to bird impacts with appendix for 2008&2009[C]//9th Meeting of the International Bird Impact Committee. Cairns: International Bird Impact Committee, 2010: 1-9. [5] 刘永泉, 罗刚, 张海洋, 等. 航空发动机风扇叶片鸟撞研究进展[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(3): 20220653. Liu Yongquan, Luo Gang, Zhang Haiyang, et al. Research progress on bird impact of aero-engine fan blades[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(3): 20220653. (in ChineseLiu Yongquan, Luo Gang, Zhang Haiyang, et al. Research progress on bird impact of aero-engine fan blades[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(3): 20220653. (in Chinese) [6] Storace A F, Nimmer R P, Ravenhall R. Analytical and experimental investigation of bird impact on fan and compressor blading[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1984, 21(7): 520-527. doi: 10.2514/3.45002 [7] Chen Xiaopeng, Yin Biao, Tang Zhongbin, et al. Understanding the impact response of bird strikes on engine blades using a novel wedge-Hopkinson bar system[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 182: 104782. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.104782 [8] Chen Xiaopeng, Liu Jinlong, Jiang Chengshang, et al. Evaluation of a substitute bird for engine fan blade impact tests considering the bird-slicing state[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2025, 167: 109056. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109056 [9] Goyal V, Huertas C, Borrero J, et al. Robust bird-strike modeling based on ALE formulation using LS-DYNA[R]. AIAA-2006-1759, 2006. [10] GJB241A-2010, 航空涡轮喷气和涡轮风扇发动机通用规范[S]. [11] CCAR-33R2, 航空发动机适航规定[S]. [12] Teichman H C, Tadros R N. Analytical and experimental simulation of fan blade behavior and damage under bird impact[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 1991, 113(4): 582-594. doi: 10.1115/1.2906281 [13] Guan Yupu, Zhao Zhenhua, Chen Wei, et al. Foreign object damage to fan rotor blades of aeroengine: part Ⅱ numerical simulation of bird impact[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2008, 21(4): 328-334. doi: 10.1016/S1000-9361(08)60043-6 [14] Guan Yupu, Zhao Zhenhua, Chen Wei, et al. Foreign object damage to fan rotor blades of aeroengine: part Ⅰ experimental study of bird impact[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2007, 20(5): 408-414. [15] Mao R H, Meguid S A, Ng T Y. Finite element modeling of a bird striking an engine fan blade[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2007, 44(2): 583-596. doi: 10.2514/1.24568 [16] Liu Jun, Zhong Dudu, Li Yulong, et al. Numerical simulation and test on damage of rotary engine blades impacted by bird[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2019, 24(1): 106-120. doi: 10.1080/13588265.2018.1452548 [17] 刘军, 李玉龙, 刘元镛. 基于SPH方法的叶片鸟撞数值模拟研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2008, 27(9): 90-93. Liu Jun, Li Yulong, Liu Yuanyong. Numerical simulation study of bird-impact on a blade using SPH method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2008, 27(9): 90-93. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2008.09.022Liu Jun, Li Yulong, Liu Yuanyong. Numerical simulation study of bird-impact on a blade using SPH method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2008, 27(9): 90-93. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2008.09.022 [18] Qiao Yejie, Chen Xiaopeng, Bai Yang, et al. Predicting bird impact response and damage behavior of three-dimensional woven composites using a localized subcell model[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2026, 221: 114427. doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2025.114427 [19] Gao Qianchen, Bai Yang, Jiang Xiaowei, et al. Revealing bird-strike damage mechanisms for CFRP laminates through a novel sub-element level experiment and simulation[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2026, 276: 111498. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111498 [20] 李迪, 廖连芳, 陈璐璐, 等. 宽弦空心风扇叶片大鸟撞击试验研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2020, 46(3): 66-70. Li Di, Liao Lianfang, Chen Lulu, et al. Study on big bird strike test of wide-chord hollow fan blade[J]. Aeroengine, 2020, 46(3): 66-70. (in Chinese doi: 10.13477/j.cnki.aeroengine.2020.03.012Li Di, Liao Lianfang, Chen Lulu, et al. Study on big bird strike test of wide-chord hollow fan blade[J]. Aeroengine, 2020, 46(3): 66-70. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13477/j.cnki.aeroengine.2020.03.012 [21] Meguid S A, Mao R H, Ng T Y. FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aeroengine fan blade[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(6): 487-498. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.04.008 [22] 张海洋, 蔚夺魁, 王相平, 等. 鸟撞击风扇转子叶片损伤模拟与试验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2015, 36(9): 1382-1388. Zhang Haiyang, Yu Duokui, Wang Xiangping, et al. Numerical and experimental investigation of damage of bird impact on fan blades[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2015, 36(9): 1382-1388. (in ChineseZhang Haiyang, Yu Duokui, Wang Xiangping, et al. Numerical and experimental investigation of damage of bird impact on fan blades[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2015, 36(9): 1382-1388. (in Chinese) [23] 张海洋, 王相平, 杜少辉, 等. 航空发动机风扇叶片的抗鸟撞设计[J]. 航空动力学报, 2020, 35(6): 1157-1168. Zhang Haiyang, Wang Xiangping, Du Shaohui, et al. Design for anti-bird impact of aero-engine fan blade[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(6): 1157-1168. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2020.06.005Zhang Haiyang, Wang Xiangping, Du Shaohui, et al. Design for anti-bird impact of aero-engine fan blade[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(6): 1157-1168. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2020.06.005 [24] 张海洋, 曹家洺, 韩立斌, 等. 宽弦空心风扇转子叶片鸟撞损伤数值仿真[J]. 航空发动机, 2024, 50(1): 94-101. Zhang Haiyang, Cao Jiaming, Han Libin, et al. Bird strike damage of wide-chord hollow fan rotor blades[J]. Aeroengine, 2024, 50(1): 94-101. (in ChineseZhang Haiyang, Cao Jiaming, Han Libin, et al. Bird strike damage of wide-chord hollow fan rotor blades[J]. Aeroengine, 2024, 50(1): 94-101. (in Chinese) [25] 黄福增, 刘永泉, 张东明, 等. 发动机风扇转子旋转状态下鸟撞试验研究[J]. 实验力学, 2020, 35(6): 1136-1146. Huang Fuzeng, Liu Yongquan, Zhang Dongming, et al. Investigation on bird-strike test of gas turbine rotating fan blade[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2020, 35(6): 1136-1146. (in Chinese doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-19-085Huang Fuzeng, Liu Yongquan, Zhang Dongming, et al. Investigation on bird-strike test of gas turbine rotating fan blade[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2020, 35(6): 1136-1146. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-19-085 [26] Xu Fei, Wang Jiayi, Yang Yang, et al. On methodology and application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics in fluid, solid and biomechanics[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2023, 39(2): 722185. doi: 10.1007/s10409-022-22185-x [27] Nizampatnam L, Horn W. Investigation of equation of state models for predicting bird impact loads[R]. AIAA 2008-682, 2008. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 177
- HTML浏览量: 178
- PDF量: 18
- 被引次数: 0