迟滞效应下刷式密封动态泄漏计算

杜春华; 吴坷; 张延超; 宋丹龙; 尹明虎; 杨涛

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20260066

迟滞效应下刷式密封动态泄漏计算

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20260066

杜春华^1,,
吴坷¹,
张延超^1,*, ,,
宋丹龙¹,
尹明虎¹,
杨涛²

1.
西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院，西安 710048
2.
台州市大江实业有限公司，浙江台州 317500

基金项目: 太行实验室资助项目(A2073)

详细信息

作者简介:
杜春华（1987-），男，讲师，博士，研究领域为航空发动机动态密封技术、流动与传热。E-mail：duchunhua555@163.com

通讯作者:
张延超（1978-），男，教授，博士，研究领域为高速传动润滑与密封技术。E-mail：zhangyanchao@xaut.edu.cn

中图分类号: V233.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-08
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-30

Dynamic leakage calculation of brush seal under hysteresis effect

1.
School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China
2.
Taizhou Dajiang Industrial Co.，Ltd.，Taizhou Zhejiang 317500，China

摘要

摘要:
为了准确预测刷式密封泄漏特性，将刷丝束区域等效为多孔介质，构建了考虑迟滞效应的刷式密封动态泄漏特性计算模型，明确了模型中黏性损失系数、惯性损失系数、孔隙率等关键参数的计算方法，并通过超高速刷式密封试验平台对模型的准确性进行了验证。采用所建计算方法研究了升降速过程中的泄漏差异产生原因以及工况、结构参数对刷式密封迟滞特性和泄漏特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：考虑迟滞效应的泄漏特性数值计算结果与试验结果吻合良好，最大误差为8.6%；工况参数中，进气压力升高会使泄漏量增大并显著强化迟滞效应；结构参数中，增大刷丝直径可减弱迟滞效应但会导致泄漏量上升，而减小刷丝高度、刷丝排列角度则会同时削弱迟滞效应并降低泄漏量。本文研究成果为刷式密封泄漏特性精确预测和性能提高提供了方法和理论基础。
- 刷式密封 /
- 多孔介质 /
- 泄漏特性 /
- 迟滞效应 /
- 最小迟滞量
Abstract:
To accurately predict the leakage characteristics of brush seals, this study developed a dynamic leakage prediction method considering hysteresis effects. The brush pack region was equivalently treated as a porous medium, and a dynamic leakage prediction model for brush seals considering hysteresis effects was established. The calculation methods for key parameters in the model, including the viscous loss coefficient, inertial loss coefficient, and porosity, were clarified, and the accuracy of the model was validated using an ultra-high-speed brush seal test rig. The proposed method was used to investigate the causes of leakage differences during acceleration and deceleration processes, as well as the effects of operating conditions and structural parameters on the hysteresis and leakage characteristics of brush seals. The results showed that the numerical predictions of leakage characteristics considering hysteresis effects agreed well with the experimental results, with a maximum error of 8.6%. Among operating parameters, an increase in inlet pressure increased the leakage and significantly intensified the hysteresis effect. Among structural parameters, increasing the bristle diameter weakened the hysteresis effect but led to higher leakage, whereas decreasing the bristle height and bristle arrangement angle simultaneously weakened the hysteresis effect and reduced the leakage. The findings of this study provide methods and a theoretical basis for the accurate prediction and performance improvement of brush seal leakage characteristics.
- brush seal /
- porous media /
- leakage characteristics /
- hysteresis effect /
- minimum hysteresis

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图 1 刷式密封结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of brush seal structure

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图 2 刷式密封初始计算域

Figure 2. Initial calculation domain of brush seal

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图 3 刷式密封出现滞后间隙前的计算域

Figure 3. Calculation domain before hysteresis clearance appears in brush seal

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图 4 刷式密封出现滞后间隙后的计算域

Figure 4. Calculation domain after hysteresis clearance appears in brush seal

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图 5 网格无关性验证

Figure 5. Mesh independence verification

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图 6 超高速刷式密封试验平台

Figure 6. Ultra-high speed brush seal test platform

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图 7 刷式密封试验件与跑道

Figure 7. Brush seal test specimen and runway

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图 8 迟滞效应下刷式密封动态泄漏量随转速变化的数值计算结果与试验结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of numerical calculation results and experimental results of dynamic leakage of brush seal with rotational speed under hysteresis effect

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图 9 未出现迟滞与迟滞状态下的压力场

Figure 9. Pressure fields without hysteresis and under hysteresis conditions

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图 10 未出现迟滞与迟滞状态下的速度场

Figure 10. Velocity fields without hysteresis and under hysteresis conditions

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图 11 不同进气压力下刷式密封泄漏量随转速升降循环的变化

Figure 11. Changes in brush seal leakage under different intake pressures with varying engine speed

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图 12 不同转子转速下刷式密封泄漏量随转速升降循环的变化

Figure 12. Changes in brush seal leakage at different rotor speeds with rotational speed increases and decreases

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图 13 不同刷丝直径下刷式密封泄漏量随转速升降循环的变化

Figure 13. Variation of leakage of brush seal with different bristle diameters as speed increases and decreases cyclically

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图 14 不同刷丝高度下刷式密封泄漏量随转速升降循环的变化

Figure 14. The variation of leakage of brush seal with speed increase and decrease under different brush bristle heights

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图 15 不同刷丝排列角度下刷式密封泄漏量随转速升降循环的变化

Figure 15. Changes in Brush Seal Leakage with Rotation Speed under Different Brush Filament Arrangement Angles

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表 1 刷式密封结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of brush seal

结构参数	数值
刷丝直径d/mm	0.07
刷束厚度B/mm	1
刷环内径r_ib/mm	77.5
刷丝高度H/mm	12
前挡板径向保护高度H_f/mm	1
后挡板径向保护高度H_b/mm	1
刷丝排列角度β/（°）	45

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表 2 边界条件

Table 2. Boundary conditions

进口压力 p_i/MPa	出口压力 p_o/MPa	进、出口温度 T/K	转轴转速 N/（r/min）
0.05～0.15	0	300	0～50000

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表 3 转子转速升降过程中密封间隙和刷丝变形量

Table 3. Seal gap and bristle deformation during rotor speed increase and decrease

工况	条件		滞后间隙和刷丝径向变形量
转速上升			I_sp = 0；δ = Δr_z
转速下降	Δr_z-max ≤ Δr_h-min		I_sp = Δr_z-max−Δr_z； δ = Δr_z-max
	Δr_z-max > Δr_h-min	Δr_z ≥ Δr_h-min	I_sp = 0；δ = Δr_z
	Δr_z-max > Δr_h-min	Δr_z < Δr_h-min	I_sp =Δr_h-min−Δr_z； δ = Δr_h-min

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