Simulation and experiment on the atomization performance of liquid-liquid coaxial centrifugal dual injectors
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摘要:
为深入研究液液同轴离心式双喷嘴的雾化场，构建了基于VOF-to-DPM（volume of fluid to discrete phase model）的跨尺度计算框架，并结合冷流实验开展验证与对比分析。经验证，该仿真模型所获得喷雾锥角误差控制在0.85%，索太尔平均直径误差控制在20%以内，均在可接受范围内。研究发现对于液液同轴离心式喷嘴，内、外喷嘴流量增大，喷雾锥角缓慢增大，交汇区与非交汇区的粒径同步减小。喷嘴轴距离对双喷嘴雾化特性的影响通过布置不同距离的喷嘴进行仿真研究。结果说明喷雾轴距增大的同时，喷雾锥角会逐渐增大。而液滴的索太尔平均直径的变化规律与液膜碰撞状态相关：碰撞点位于连续稳定的液膜处时，轴距增大会使平均粒径减小；碰撞点处于破碎过程中的不稳定液膜处时，粒径变化趋势相反。
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关键词:
- 液液同轴离心式双喷嘴 /
- VOF-to-DPM /
- 雾化锥角 /
- 索太尔平均直径 /
- 喷嘴轴距
Abstract:To investigate the atomization field of liquid-liquid coaxial centrifugal dual injectors, a cross-scale computational framework based on the VOF-to-DPM （volume of fluid to discrete phase model） method was constructed and validated through comparative analysis with cold-flow experiments. The simulation model achieved a spray cone angle error of within 0.85% and the Sauter mean diameter error of no more than 20%. The study found that for the liquid-liquid coaxial centrifugal injector, an increase in the flow rates of both the inner and outer injectors led to a gradual increase in the spray cone angle, while the droplet size simultaneously decreased in both the interaction and non-interaction zones. The influence of inter-injector distance on the atomization characteristics was also examined. Simulation results for different injectors spacings indicated that as the distance between the spray plumes increased, the spray cone angle gradually increased. The variation pattern of the Sauter mean diameter of the droplets was related to the state of liquid film interaction: when the interaction point lied within a continuous and stable liquid film, a larger injector spacing resulted in a smaller Sauter mean diameter; conversely, when the interaction occurred within an unstable, breaking liquid film, the trend was reversed.
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图 1 液液同轴离心式双喷嘴结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the of the liquid-liquid coaxial swirl dual injectors
图 2 液液同轴离心式双喷嘴计算域
Figure 2. Computational domain of the liquid-liquid coaxial swirl dual injectors
图 8 交汇区与非交汇区测量位置
Figure 8. Measurement locations in the interaction zone and non-interaction zone
图 11 液液同轴离心式双喷嘴的仿真液相图
Figure 11. Simulated liquid phase distribution of the liquid-liquid coaxial centrifugal dual injectors
图 12 液液同轴离心式双喷嘴液相俯视图
Figure 12. Top view of the liquid phase for the liquid-liquid coaxial centrifugal dual injectors
图 13 液液同轴离心式双喷嘴碰撞液相图
Figure 13. Liquid phase distribution in the interaction region of the liquid-liquid coaxial centrifugal dual injectors
图 17 实验1与实验2的粒径分布对比
Figure 17. Comparison of particle size distribution between test 1 and test 2
图 18 实验3与实验4的粒径分布对比
Figure 18. Comparison of particle size distribution between test 3 and test 4
图 19 实验5与实验6的粒径分布对比
Figure 19. Comparison of particle size distribution between test 5 and test 6
图 20 内喷嘴工作时流量-喷雾特性曲线
Figure 20. Flow rate-spray characteristic curves of the inner injector during operation
图 21 内喷嘴流量不变时外喷嘴流量-喷雾特性曲线
Figure 21. Spray characteristic curve as a function of outer injector flow rate at a constant inner injector flow rate
图 22 外喷嘴流量不变时内喷嘴流量-喷雾特性曲线
Figure 22. Spray characteristic curve as a function of inner injector flow rate at a constant outer injector flow rate
图 23 双喷嘴不同布置距离的截面液相分布图（case A—case C）
Figure 23. Cross-sectional liquid phase distribution diagrams of dual injectors at different spacing arrangements （case A—case C）
图 24 双喷嘴不同布置距离的液膜碰撞位置与喷雾锥角（case A—case C）
Figure 24. Liquid film interaction locations and spray cone angles of dual injectors at different spacing arrangements（case A—case C）
图 25 双喷嘴不同布置距离的截面液相分布图（case D—case F）
Figure 25. Cross-sectional liquid phase distribution diagrams of dual injectors at different spacing arrangements（case D—case F）
图 26 工况D～工况F双喷嘴不同布置距离的液膜碰撞位置与喷雾锥角
Figure 26. Liquid film interactiion locations and spray cone angles of dual injectors at different spacing arrangements （case D—case F）
图 27 双喷嘴不同布置距离的平均粒径
Figure 27. Average droplet size at different spacing arrangements of dual injectors
图 29 工况A、B、C下的液膜碰撞液相图
Figure 29. Liquid film interaction liquid phase diagram under case A, B, C
图 30 工况D、E、F液膜碰撞液相图
Figure 30. Liquid film interaction liquid phase diagram under case D, E, F
表 1 不同加密层级计算结果
Table 1. Simulation results at different mesh-refinement levels
加密层级 网格数/万 雾化锥角/（°） 索太尔平均直径/μm 1 606 107.9 377.97 2 878 94.7 124.33 3 1787 93.7 117.69 
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表 2 实验工况
Table 2. Experimental conditions
实验 流量/（g/s） 内喷嘴-1 内喷嘴-2 外喷嘴-1 外喷嘴-2 1 50 0 0 0 2 50 50 0 0 3 50 0 50 0 4 50 50 50 50 5 100 0 50 0 6 100 100 50 50
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表 3 双喷嘴不同流量工况
Table 3. Different flow conditions for dual injectors
工况 内喷嘴流量/（g/s） 外喷嘴流量/（g/s） 1 33.33 0 2 50 0 3 66.67 0 4 75 0 5 100 0 6 50 50 7 50 66.67 8 50 83.33 9 75 50 10 100 50
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表 4 双喷嘴的不同流量工况
Table 4. Different flow conditions of the dual injectors
工况 内喷嘴流量/（g/s） 外喷嘴流量/（g/s） 喷嘴轴距/mm A 114 175.5 10 B 114 175.5 15 C 114 175.5 20 D 175.5 114 10 E 175.5 114 15 F 175.5 114 20
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