Effects of turbulence generator pattern on flame stabilization mechanisms for a low-swirl burner
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摘要:
采用OH平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF）与立体粒子图像测速（S-PIV）同步测量技术，对低旋流燃烧器中富氢甲烷/空气预混火焰的稳定性边界及流动与火焰相互作用机制进行了研究。选取两种阻塞比相近但孔径不同的湍流发生器开展对比实验，在不同氢气体积分数、当量比和平均出口速度下，考察了火焰形态、稳定性边界及其内在的稳焰机制。结果表明，在两种湍流发生器条件下，火焰均可呈现碗形、W形和冠形三种典型形态，但采用较大孔径的湍流发生器时，燃烧器的贫燃吹熄边界明显拓宽。进一步分析表明，较大孔径湍流发生器的大孔稀疏排布使得燃烧器出口附近形成了中心高速区及外围低速区，该速度分布诱导产生了附加剪切层（ASL）的形成，加剧了燃烧器出口下游流场的速度衰减，促使火焰更靠近上游锚定，进而拓宽了熄火极限。在此基础上，结合流动时间尺度与化学反应时间尺度，建立了基于达姆科勒（
Da ）数的无量纲模型，用于预测不同工况下的火焰吹熄极限。本文提出的机理和模型凸显了湍流发生器结构在低旋流燃烧器喷嘴设计中的重要性，为实际富氢燃烧系统的火焰稳定性优化提供了理论参考。Abstract:Using simultaneous OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (S-PIV), this study investigates the stability boundaries and flow-flame interaction mechanisms of hydrogen-enriched methane/air premixed flames in a low-swirl burner. Two turbulence generators (TGs) featuring nearly identical blockage ratios but different orifice diameters were compared. The macroscopic flame morphologies, blow-off limits, and the underlying stabilization mechanisms were examined across a range of hydrogen fractions, equivalence ratios, and bulk flow velocities. Results show that both TG configurations produce three characteristic flame shapes: bowl, W, and crown. However, TG2, designed with larger and more sparsely distributed orifices, demonstrated a significantly broader stability range than TG1. Detailed flow field analysis revealed that TG2 generates a high-speed central jet core flanked by low-speed outer regions at the burner exit. This specific velocity profile induces an additional shear layer (ASL) that promotes rapid flow deceleration downstream. Consequently, the flame can anchor further upstream, which effectively extends the blow-off limits. Building upon these mechanistic insights, a predictive model based on the Damköhler (
Da ) number was developed. By correlating the local flow and chemical time scales, this model can accurately predict flame blow-off boundaries under diverse operating conditions. Ultimately, this study highlights the critical role of turbulence generator geometry in the design of low-swirl combustor injectors, providing valuable guidelines for flame stability optimization in practical hydrogen-enriched combustion systems. -
图 1 低旋流燃烧器及湍流发生器示意图
Figure 1. Schematics of low-swirl combustor and turbulence generators
图 2 OH PLIF及S-PIV同步测量系统示意图
Figure 2. Schematic of the simultaneous OH PLIF and S-PIV system
图 3 三种典型火焰形状的瞬时OH PLIF图像
Figure 3. Typical instantaneous OH PLIF images showing three flame shapes
图 4 两个湍流发生器在 $ \varphi $=0.7下的火焰稳定性图谱
Figure 4. Flame stability maps for the two turbulence generators under $ \varphi $=0.7
图 5 不同湍流发生器在三种不同工况下的平均面外涡量（ωz，单位：s−1）场
Figure 5. Mean out-of-plane vorticity fields for TG1 and TG2 turbulence generators under three different conditions
图 6 两个湍流发生器在 $ \overline{U} $=10 m/s 时的非反应流轴向速度场（单位：m/s）
Figure 6. Axial velocity fields （unit: m/s） in the non-reacting flow at $ \overline{U} $=10 m/s for the two turbulence generators
图 7 TG1和TG2在三种平均出口流速条件下，y=0 mm处的非反应流轴向速度的径向分布
Figure 7. Radial profiles of the non-reacting flow axial velocity at $ y $=0 mm for TG1 and TG2 under three different bulk flow velocity conditions
图 8 TG1和TG2在燃烧工况W5和W6下的归一化轴向速度分布，提取自火焰稳定点的径向位置
Figure 8. Normalized axial velocity profiles for reacting-flow conditions W5 and W6 under TG1 and TG2, extracted from radial positions of flame stabilization
图 9 两个湍流发生器在不同平均出口速度下产生的冷态流场时均应变率（$ \varepsilon $，单位：s−1）场（沿轴向拼接）
Figure 9. Stacked mean strain rate （$ \varepsilon $, unit: s−1） fields in non-reacting flows generated by two turbulence generators at various bulk flow velocities
图 10 TG2在三种不同热态工况下产生的时均涡量（ωz，单位：s−1）场
Figure 10. Mean out-of-plane vorticity （$ {\omega }_{z} $, unit: s−1） fields produced by TG2 under three different reacting conditions
图 11 W8工况两个典型时刻下叠加了火焰锋面轮廓和二维流线的瞬时轴向速度场
Figure 11. Instantaneous axial velocity fields, overlaid with flame front contours and 2D streamlines, at two typical instants of condition W8
图 12 贫燃吹熄极限下各工况点的流动时间尺度与化学时间尺度之间的相关性
Figure 12. Correlation between flow time scale and chemical time scale of operating conditions at the lean blow-off limits
表 1 $ {\text{φ}} $=0.7时的测试工况汇总，参数包括氢气体积分数（$ {{\boldsymbol{\alpha}} }_{{{\bf{H}}_{{\bf{2}}}}} $）、平均出口速度（$ \overline{{\boldsymbol{U}}} $）和湍流发生器（TG）类型
Table 1. Summary of test conditions at ${\text{φ}} $= 0.7, including hydrogen fraction（$ {\boldsymbol{\alpha }}_{{{\bf{H}}_{{\bf{2}}}}} $）, bulk flow velocity （$ \overline{\boldsymbol{U}} $）, and turbulence generator （TG） type
工况 $ {\alpha }_{{{\text{H}}_{2}}} $/% $ \overline{U} $/（m/s） TG U1 40 13 TG1 U2 0 14 TG2 W1 60 10 TG1 W2 60 10 TG2 W3 60 15 TG1 W4 60 15 TG2 W5 70 10 TG1 W6 70 10 TG2 W7 （NR） 70 20 TG1 W8 70 20 TG2 W9 80 15 TG2 C1 80 10 TG1 C2 80 10 TG2 
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