Numerical investigation on energy coupling characteristics of ion cyclotron resonance heating stage in variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket
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摘要:
离子回旋共振（ICRH）单元的高效能量耦合对提升可变比冲磁等离子体发动机（VASIMR）的推进效率具有至关重要影响。为探究ICRH单元的能量耦合特性，本文建立了串联螺旋波等离子体源（HPS）与ICRH单元的多组分流体模型，并利用该模型在不同天线长度与输入频率条件下进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：ICRH单元中角向离子电流密度与电场出现共振现象，离子持续从电磁场中沉积能量；随ICRH天线增长，离子与电场的共振区增大，离子加热效率升高；ICRH单元的输入频率对离子加热效果有显著影响，随ICRH单元输入频率上升，离子温度逐渐下降，而在离子碰撞过程的影响下ICRH单元的最优输入频率略低于离子回旋频率。
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关键词:
- 可变比冲磁等离子体发动机（VASIMR） /
- 螺旋波等离子体源 /
- 离子回旋共振加热 /
- 能量耦合 /
- 流体模拟
Abstract:The effective ion heating of the ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) stage is of vital importance for the variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket (VASIMR) to become an effective propulsion device. A multi-component fluid model in which the helicon plasma source (HPS) and the ICRH stage are connected in series was developed. The simulation was performed with different antenna length and different input frequency to analyze the ion energy coupling mechanism of the ICRH stage. The numerical results demonstrated that, the azimuthal ion current density resonated with the azimuthal electric field in the ICRH stage and ions can absorb energy from electromagnetic fields continuously due to the resonance. The resonant area got larger as the antenna length of the ICRH stage increased and ions could deposit energy from electromagnetic fields more efficiently. The input frequency of the ICRH stage had a great influence on the ion heating effect. Due to the existence of ion collisions, the optimum input frequency of the ICRH stage was lower than the ion cyclotron frequency and the heating efficiency decreased as the ion temperature increased.
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图 5 计算过程中的最大电子密度与电子温度
Figure 5. The maximum electron density and the maximum electron temperature during simulation
图 7 ICRH输入开启后离子密度与离子温度分布
Figure 7. Distribution of ion density and ion temperature with the ICRH input turned on
图 8 第220个与第260个射频周期之间的最大离子温度
Figure 8. The maximum ion temperature between the 220th and the 260th RF cycle
图 9 第220个与第260个射频周期之间（0.35 m, 0.05 m）处的离子沉积功率密度
Figure 9. Ion deposit power density at （0.35 m, 0.05 m） between the 220th and the 260th RF cycle
图 10 不同时刻（0.35 m, 0.05 m）处Ji,θ与Eθ的矢量端点图
Figure 10. Vector endpoints of Ji,θ and Eθ at different moments at （0.35 m, 0.05 m）
图 11 第213个与第253个射频周期之间（0.35 m, 0.05 m）处的Ji,θ与Eθ
Figure 11. Ji,θ and Eθ between the 213th and the 253th RF cycle at （0.35 m, 0.05 m）
图 12 不同天线长度的离子温度分布
Figure 12. Distribution of ion temperature with different antenna length
图 13 不同天线长度r=0.05 m直线上的Eθ与Ji,θ
Figure 13. Eθ and Ji,θ on the line of r=0.05 m with different antenna lengths
图 14 不同输入频率ICRH单元的最大离子温度
Figure 14. The maximum ion temperature with different input frequency of ICRH stage
图 15 不同输入频率（0.35 m, 0.05 m）处的Ji,θ与Eθ
Figure 15. Ji,θ and Eθ at （0.35 m, 0.05 m） with different input frequencies
表 1 模型的几何参数
Table 1. Geometric parameters of the model
参数 数值 参数 数值 rstart/m 0 rc1/m 0.07 rend/m 0.1 zc2/m 0.35 zstart/m 0 rc2/m 0.07 zend/m 0.51 Δr/m 0.005 rp/m 0.06 Δz/m 0.01 zc1/m 0.15 Δt/10−12 s 2 
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表 2 不同ICRH天线长度的等离子体参数
Table 2. Plasma parameters with different ICRH antenna length
L/m ne /1019 m−3 Te/eV Ti/eV 0.01 1.11 3.02 12.09 0.02 1.13 3.20 22.75 0.04 1.21 3.33 40.77
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