Flow characteristics and pitch regulation of high‑efficiency swept⁃curved counter rotating propellers
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摘要:
采用数值计算的方法分析了高亚声速来流条件下弯掠对转桨扇的流动特点，开展了不同自由来流马赫数下的高效对转桨扇桨距调节规律的研究。研究表明：在弯掠桨扇的内部流场，从约30%相对叶高位置处开始形成明显激波结构，但当弯掠桨扇通道内峰值马赫数在1.2及以下时激波强度相对较弱，流动损失在可接受范围。由于桨距角对桨扇的推进效率影响显著，研究提出了可行有效的对转桨扇桨距调节方法，数值计算表明桨扇的推进效率均在75%以上。数值仿真预测的各马赫数下桨扇的推力值表明前叶推力对马赫数的变化更加敏感。
Abstract:The flow characteristics of the swept⁃curved counter rotating propellers under high subsonic flow were analyzed by numerical calculation method，and the pitch regulation of the high efficiency counter rotating propellers under different free flow Mach numbers was studied.The results showed that in the flow field inside the swept⁃curved counter rotating propellers，the obvious shock wave structure began to form from about 30% of the relative blade span.However，when the peak Mach number was below 1.2，the shock wave intensity was relatively weak and the flow loss was acceptable.Because of significant effect of the pitch angle on the propulsion efficiency of the counter rotating propellers，a feasible and effective method to adjust the pitch of the counter rotating propellers was proposed.The numerical calculation showed that the propulsion efficiency of the counter rotating propellers was above 75%.The thrust values predicted by numerical simulation showed that the thrust of the front blade was more sensitive to the change of Mach number.
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图 3 对转桨扇的表面三维网格（其中一个流道）
Figure 3. Three⁃dimensional surface mesh of the counter rotating propellers （one flow channel）
图 4 来流马赫数为0.6时叶片偏转角度示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of blade deflection angle at incoming flow Mach number of 0.6
图 5 对转桨扇气流速度矢量三角形
Figure 5. Airflow velocity vector triangle of counter rotating propellers
图 6 基于设计点的不同来流马赫数桨距角变化情况
Figure 6. Variation of pitch angle at different incoming flow Mach numbers based on design point
图 7 来流马赫数与对转桨扇桨距角之间的关系
Figure 7. Relation between incoming flow Mach number and pitch angle of counter rotating propellers
图 12 桨扇出口周向速度分布
Figure 12. Circumferential velocity distribution of counter rotating propellers outlet
图 15 三维叶片表面静压分布
Figure 15. Static pressure distribution of three‑dimensional blade surface
图 18 来流马赫数与对转桨扇效率之间的关系
Figure 18. Relation between inlet Mach number and the efficiency of counter rotating propellers
图 19 来流马赫数与对转桨扇推力之间的关系
Figure 19. Relation between inlet Mach number and thrust of counter rotating propellers
表 1 对转桨扇的设计指标及相关参数
Table 1. Design index and relevant parameters of counter rotating propellers
参数 数值 环境条件 飞行高度/m 10 668 空气温度/℃ -54 空气压力/Pa 24 100 空气密度/（kg/m3） 0.383 飞行马赫数 0.785 飞行速度/（m/s） 232.94 前排叶片 轮毂比 0.42 转速/（r/min） 1 000 叶尖直径/m 4.5 轮毂直径/m 1.89 推力/N 14 270 叶片数 12 后排叶片 轮毂比 0.42 转速/（r/min） 1 000 叶尖直径/m 4.5 轮毂直径/m 1.89 推力/N 11 794.7 叶片数 10 
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表 2 对转桨扇桨距调节规律
Table 2. Pitch adjustment law of counter rotating propellers
来流马赫数 前叶桨距角/（°） 后叶桨距角/（°） 0.3 34.26 36.69 0.4 41.69 42.45 0.5 47.94 47.19 0.6 53.16 51.12 0.7 57.51 54.44 0.785 60.64 56.78 0.8 61.15 57.16
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