Design of impingement attenuation device for supersonic wind tunnel test models
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摘要:
为降低暂冲式超声速风洞起动/关车过程中冲击载荷对试验模型和测量天平带来的风险，设计了一套冲击载荷抑制装置。装置由上下作动机构和平板等结构件组成，通过有限元方法对四连杆作动机构进行了受力分析，验证了结构的强度和刚度可靠性。开发了伺服控制系统及软件，结合结构动力学分析确定了控制系统参数，设计了与风洞试验过程兼容的抑制装置工作流程，定制了可视化软件界面。从结构稳定性和抑制效果两个方面对装置进行了试验验证，结果表明该装置对法向力和俯仰力矩受到的冲击载荷抑制效果较好，降幅分别可达78%和77%。
Abstract:In order to reduce the risk of test model and gauge balance damages induced by shock impingement during intermittent supersonic wind tunnel startup and shutdown, an impingement attenuation device was designed. Composed of upper/lower actuating facilities and flat plates, the four-part connecting rod device was analyzed by finite element method, validating the strength and stiffness of device structures. Servo control system and accompanying software were developed, and the control parameters were determined according to structural dynamics analysis. A working procedure compatible with the wind tunnel was devised, and visualized software interface was customized. The device effectiveness was tested from structural steadiness and attenuation effect. Test results indicated that the device had a favorable effect on impingement attenuation for the normal force and pitching moment, with a decrease of amplitude up to 78% and 77% separately.
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图 7 抑制装置和模型在风洞内的安装照片
Figure 7. Mountings of attenuation device and model in wind tunnel
表 1 优化选型试验结果
Table 1. Results of optimization tests
平板尺寸
（长×宽）/m×mNy /N mz /（N·m） Nx /N 0×0 1350 82 510 0.25×0.15 588 93 416 0.3×0.08 434 41 388 0.3×0.15 288 37 341 0.3×0.2 341 52 403 0.45×0.15 520 60 655 
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表 2 伺服系统参数
Table 2. Servo system parameters
参数 数值 丝杠参数 直径/m 0.028 导程/m 0.005 丝杠转速/（r/s） 13 减速比 8∶1 丝杠扭矩/（N·m） 80 电动机最大扭矩/（N·m） 9.5 额定扭矩/（N·m） 3.18
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表 3 不同平板与模型间距下抑制效果对比结果
Table 3. Comparison results of attenuation effects with different spacings between flat plate and model
平板间距/m Ny /N mz /（N·m） Nx /N 0 1350 82 510 0.003 288 37 341 0.004 780 85 545 0.007 994 105 633 0.01 1053 121 570
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