高温环境下角接触球轴承磨损寿命分析

牛荣军; 韩争杰; 王玉飞; 李鸿亮; 邓四二

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210466

高温环境下角接触球轴承磨损寿命分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210466

1.
河南科技大学机电工程学院，河南洛阳 471003
2.
洛阳轴承研究所有限公司特种轴承事业部，河南洛阳 471039

详细信息

作者简介:
牛荣军（1977-），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为轴承摩擦与润滑。E⁃mail：niurongjun@163.com

中图分类号: V259
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-21

Wear life analysis of angular contact ball bearing in high temperature environment

1.
School of Mechatronics Engineering， Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang Henan 471003，China
2.
Special Bearing Business Department， Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Company，Limited，Luoyang Henan 471039，China

摘要

摘要:
针对高温环境下轴承材料性质和润滑状态变化，造成轴承磨损加剧，过早丧失精度的问题。首先开展高温环境下轴承用材料的摩擦磨损试验，获取材料的磨损系数。在此基础上，考虑温度、润滑、轴承材料属性等对轴承磨损性能的影响，建立高温角接触球轴承磨损模型，通过数值求解探讨工况参数和结构参数等对轴承磨损性能的影响，并评估轴承的磨损寿命。结果表明：对于高温轴承材料无磁合金GH05，在高温300 ℃摩擦状态下平均磨损系数为2.5×10^⁃7 mm²/N；随着载荷、转速、温度的增加，轴承内、外滚道的磨损率均不断增大，其中内圈磨损率大于外圈，内圈磨损特性决定着轴承的磨损寿命；载荷和转速是决定轴承磨损寿命的主要因素，轴承主结构参数对磨损寿命具有重要影响，通过结构优化可提高轴承磨损寿命。
- 高温 /
- 滚动轴承 /
- 摩擦磨损 /
- 轴承寿命 /
- 轴承游隙
Abstract:
In view of the change of bearing material properties and lubrication state under high temperature environment,the bearing wear was aggravated and the accuracy was lost prematurely.Firstly,the friction and wear tests of bearing materials under high temperature environment were carried out to obtain the wear coefficient of the materials.On this basis,the wear model of high temperature angular contact ball bearing was established by considering the effects of temperature,lubrication and bearing material properties on bearing wear performance.Through numerical solution,the effects of load parameters and structural parameters on the wear performance of the bearing were discussed,and the wear life of the bearing was evaluated.The results showed that: for the bearing material non magnetic alloy GH05,the wear coefficient was 2.5×10^-7 mm²/N at 300 ℃.With the increase of load,speed and temperature,the wear rate of inner and outer rings of bearing increased constantly.The wear rate of the inner ring was greater than that of the outer ring.The wear characteristics of the inner ring determine the wear life of the bearing; load and speed are the main factors of determining the bearing wear life.In addition,the main structural parameters of the bearing had an important impact on the wear life.The bearing wear life can be improved through structural optimization.
- high temperature /
- rolling bearing /
- friction and wear /
- bearing life /
- bearing clearance
注释:

1) 张雪

HTML

图 1 无磁合金GH05球盘试样

Figure 1. Ball⁃disk sample of nonmagnetic alloy GH05

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图 2 高温轴承材料试验原理

Figure 2. Test principle of high temperature bearing materials

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图 3 高温材料摩擦磨损试验设备

Figure 3. Friction and wear test equipment for high temperature materials

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图 5 不同工况条件下的磨损体积

Figure 5. Wear volume under different working conditions

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图 6 角接触球轴承滑动速度分布

Figure 6. Sliding speed distribution of angular contact ball bearing

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图 7 外力作用下轴承的变形位移

Figure 7. Deformation displacement of bearing under external force

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图 8 钢球球心与曲率中心相对位置

Figure 8. Relative position between steel ball center and curvature center of rings

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图 9 接触区域任一点局部滑动速度

Figure 9. Local sliding velocity at any point in the contact area

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图 10 磨损后沟道曲率半径变化

Figure 10. Change of groove curvature radius after wear

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图 12 转速对轴承滚道磨损率的影响

Figure 12. Effect of rotating speed on wear rate of bearing raceway

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图 13 游隙对滚道磨损率的影响

Figure 13. Effect of clearance on wear rate of ring raceway

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图 14 沟曲率半径系数对滚道磨损率的影响

Figure 14. Effect of groove curvature radius coefficient on ring raceway wear rate

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图 15 联合载荷对滚道磨损率的影响

Figure 15. Effect of combined loads on ring raceway wear rate

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图 16 钢球个数和直径对滚道磨损率的影响

Figure 16. Effect of number and diameter of the steel balls on ring raceway wear rate

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图 18 转速对轴承磨损寿命的影响

Figure 18. Effect of rotating speed on bearing wear life

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图 19 游隙对轴承磨损寿命的影响

Figure 19. Effect of clearance on bearing wear life

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图 20 试验设备主体图

Figure 20. Main appearance of test equipment

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表 1 材料和载荷水平

Table 1. Sample material and load level

项目	球试样	圆盘试样
材料	GH05	GH05
弹性模量/10⁵ MPa	2.09	2.09
泊松比	0.29	0.29
加载载荷/N	50~100
试验转动速度/（r/min）	80
润滑剂黏度（t=300 ℃）	0.006 Pa·s
试验时间/min	120

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表 2 轴承材料磨损系数试验结果

Table 2. Wear coefficient test results of bearing materials

温度t/℃	润滑状态	磨损系数/（mm²/N）
25	干摩擦	（1.78~2.89）×10^-7
300	干摩擦	（1.93~3.02）×10^-7
300	低黏度润滑	（1.09~2.58）×10^-7

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表 3 某型球轴承结构参数

Table 3. structural parameters of a certain type of ball bearing

参数	数值
外圈外径D/mm	75
内圈内径d/mm	45
外圈宽度B/mm	16
钢球直径D_w/mm	9
钢球数Z	15
初始接触角 $α$ /（°）	25
初始径向游隙u_r/mm	0.01

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表 4 试验轴承游隙测试结果

Table 4. Test bearing clearance test results

试验轴承	第1次/mm	第2次/mm	第3次/mm	平均值/mm
1#	0.03	0.025	0.035	0.03
2#	0.03	0.045	0.03	0.035
3#	0.04	0.05	0.045	0.045
4#	0.06	0.055	0.065	0.06

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表 5 轴承游隙值的试验测试与计算结果

Table 5. Test and calculation results of bearing clearance

轴承磨损时间/h	仿真计算游隙值/mm	试验测试游隙值/mm	误差/%
450	0.030 86	0.035	11.83
750	0.039 59	0.045	12.02
1 200	0.053 19	0.06	11.35

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