Experimental study on the evolution process of single-stage fan mild surge and the surge identification method by cross-correlation time-frequency analysis
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摘要:
为获得单级风扇发生气动失稳时内部流动特性并发展喘振辨识方法，在入口截面和出口截面布置动态压力传感器，通过控制节流阀开度的方式进行不同转速下风扇逼喘试验，获得风扇发生旋转失速和喘振时的动态压力数据。通过时域信号和频域信号相结合的方法分析单级风扇旋转失速和喘振特性及喘振演变过程。试验结果表明：单级风扇在不同转速下发生喘振时均伴随失速团的产生、发展和消失；在节流逼喘的过程中，存在过渡周期使得风扇由旋转失速向喘振过渡，且退出喘振时也存在1～2个周期的恢复过程；不同转速均存在温和喘振的现象，该现象是由于风扇在喘振过程中气体压缩使得上游和下游产生迟滞效应所导致，并将该风扇喘振演变过程简化为等效力学模型进行分析，根据等效力学模型发展同一周向、不同轴向位置传感器的互相关分析，提出基于互相关时频分析的喘振监测与辨识方法。该研究为获得风扇旋转失速及喘振演变过程、风扇喘振在线监测与故障分析提供依据，但受限于试验条件，并未安装更多的动态压力传感器，无法获得关于旋转失速及喘振过程的更多细节。
Abstract:To obtain the internal flow characteristics and develop a method for identifying flutter instability in single-stage fans, dynamic pressure sensors were installed at the inlet and outlet sections, and the fan was subjected to forced flutter experimental by controlling the throttle valve opening at different speeds. The dynamic pressure data during the fan’s rotational stall and flutter were obtained. The rotational stall and flutter characteristics and the evolution process of flutter were analyzed by combining time-domain signals and frequency-domain signals. The experimental results show that when the fan experiences flutter at different speeds, the stall vortex is produced, developed, and dissipated; during the throttling flutter process, there is a transition period during which the fan transitions from rotational stall to flutter, and there is also a 1—2 cycle recovery process when exiting flutter; there are mild flutter phenomena at all speeds, which are caused by the gas compression in the flutter process that leads to a lag effect upstream and downstream, and the flutter evolution process of the fan is simplified into an equivalent force mechanical model for analysis. The mutual correlation analysis between sensors at the same circumferential and different axial positions is proposed based on the equivalent force mechanical model, and a flutter monitoring and identification method based on mutual correlation time-frequency analysis is developed. This study provides a basis for obtaining the rotational stall and flutter evolution process of the fan, as well as online monitoring and fault analysis of flutter. However, due to experimental conditions, additional dynamic pressure sensors were not installed, and more details about the rotational stall and flutter process could not be obtained.
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图 4 70%设计转速出口测点失速及喘振时域信号
Figure 4. Stall and surge time domain signals of 70% designed speed outlet measurement point
图 5 100%设计转速出口测点失速及喘振时域信号
Figure 5. Stall and surge time domain signals of 100% designed speed outlet measurement point
图 13 70%和100%转速近失速状态熵增云图
Figure 13. Cloud image of entropy increase near stall at 70% and 100% speed
图 14 出口测点失速向喘振过渡信号
Figure 14. Transition signal from stall to surge at the exit measuring point
图 20 R2L1测点动态压力数据频谱分析瀑布图
Figure 20. Waterfall diagram of R2L1 dynamic pressure data spectrum analysis
图 23 R1L1喘振前失速频谱分析（0～300 Hz）
Figure 23. Stall spectrum analysis of R1L1 before surge （0—300 Hz）
图 25 R2L1喘振前失速频谱分析（0～300 Hz）
Figure 25. Stall spectrum analysis of R2L1 before surge（0—300 Hz）
图 27 R2L1失速向喘振过渡频谱分析（0～300 Hz）
Figure 27. Spectrum analysis of R2L1 stall to surge transition （0—300 Hz）
表 1 不同转速旋转失速及喘振频率
Table 1. Rotation stall and surge frequency at different speed
转速/% 旋转失速频率/Hz 喘振频率/Hz 70 101 8.4 100 136.7 7.8 
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